Django (web framework)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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 The default Django page |
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| Developed by | Lawrence Journal-World |
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| Latest release | 1.0.2 / 2008-11-19 |
| Written in | Python |
| Type | Web application framework |
| License | BSD License |
| Website | www.djangoproject.com |
Django (pronunciation: /ˈdʒæŋgoː/, JANG-oh[1]) is an open source web application framework, written in Python, which loosely follows the model-view-controller design pattern.[2] It was originally developed to manage several news-oriented sites for The World Company[3] of Lawrence, Kansas, and was released publicly under a BSD license in July 2005; the framework was named after gypsy jazz guitarist Django Reinhardt.[4] In June 2008 it was announced that a newly formed Django Software Foundation will take care of Django in the future. [5]
Django's primary goal is to ease the creation of complex, database-driven websites. Django emphasizes reusability and "pluggability" of components, rapid development, and the principle of DRY (Don't Repeat Yourself). Python is used throughout, even for settings, files, and data models.
Django also provides an optional administrative "CRUD" interface that is generated dynamically through introspection and configured via admin models.
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[edit] Components
The core Django framework consists of an object-relational mapper which mediates between data models (defined as Python classes) and a relational database; a regular-expression-based URL dispatcher; a view system for processing requests; and a templating system.
Also included in the core framework are:
- A lightweight, standalone web server for development and testing.
- A form serialization and validation system which can translate between HTML forms and values suitable for storage in the database.
- A caching framework which can use any of several cache methods.
- Support for middleware classes which can intervene at various stages of request processing and carry out custom functions.
- An internal dispatcher system which allows components of an application to communicate events to each other via pre-defined signals.
- An internationalization system, including translations of Django's own components into a variety of languages.
- A serialization system which can produce and read XML and/or JSON representations of Django model instances.
- A system for extending the capabilities of the template engine.
[edit] Bundled applications
The main Django distribution also bundles a number of applications in its "contrib" package, including:
- An extensible authentication system.
- The dynamic administrative interface.
- Tools for generating RSS and Atom syndication feeds.
- A flexible commenting system.
- A sites framework that allows one Django installation to run multiple websites, each with their own content and applications
- Tools for generating Google Sitemaps.
- Tools for preventing cross-site request forgery.
- Template libraries which enable the use of lightweight markup languages such as Textile and Markdown.
- A framework for creating GIS applications.
[edit] Server arrangements
Django can be run in conjunction with Apache using mod_python or mod_wsgi. Django also includes the ability to launch a FastCGI server, enabling use behind any web server which supports FastCGI. Other WSGI-compliant web servers should also be able to be used. Django officially supports four database backends: PostgreSQL, MySQL, SQLite and Oracle. MS SQL backend can be used with django-mssql but only in Microsoft operating systems.
Versions of Django prior to 1.0 were known to have notable multithreading issues [6] and it would be recommended that those versions of Django only be used in a single threaded server configuration, such as with Apache prefork MPM using mod_python or embedded mode of mod_wsgi. Although Django 1.0 is principally believed to now be thread safe, some minor threading issues are still occasionally being found; it may be prudent to continue to use a single threaded server configuration and/or stay current with Django releases and notices about the multithreading issues. [7]
Google App Engine includes Django 0.96.1[8] as one of the bundled frameworks.
[edit] The Django Book
The Django Book is a free book (released under the GNU Free Document License) about the Django framework. It was published in December 2007 by Apress. The book can be found at http://www.djangobook.com/. Note that this book was not written for version 1.0+ of Django and that many things have changed since the writing of the book. A second edition of the book is currently in progress. It can be found at http://www.djangobook.com/en/2.0/.
[edit] References
- ^ What does “Django” mean, and how do you pronounce it?
- ^ Django FAQ about MVC in Django
- ^ LJWorld.com / About us
- ^ "Django FAQ" (HTML). Lawrence Journal-World. http://www.djangoproject.com/documentation/faq/. Retrieved on 2008-04-01.
- ^ Announcing the Django Software Foundation
- ^ http://code.djangoproject.com/wiki/DjangoSpecifications/Core/Threading
- ^ http://code.djangoproject.com/wiki/DjangoSpecifications/Core/Threading
- ^ http://code.google.com/appengine/articles/django.html
[edit] See also
[edit] External links
- Django Project home page
- List of sites using Django
- Django search engine
- Django People
- Django Gigs
- Django Snippets
- DjangoCon
- Django Spanish Community
- Popular stories in Django
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