List of Ig Nobel Prize winners

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This is a list of Ig Nobel Prize winners from 1991 to the present day.

A parody of the Nobel Prizes, the Ig Nobel Prizes are given each year in early October — around the time the recipients of the genuine Nobel Prizes are announced — for ten achievements that "first make people laugh, and then make them think." Commenting on the 2006 awards, Marc Abrahams, editor of Annals of Improbable Research, co-sponsor of the awards, said: "The prizes are intended to celebrate the unusual, honour the imaginative - and spur people's interest in science, medicine and technology."[1] All prizes are awarded for real achievements (except for three in 1991 and one in 1994 due to an erroneous press release).

Contents

[edit] 1991

[edit] Apocryphal achievements

The first nomination also featured three fictional recipients for fictional achievements.[2]

  • Interdisciplinary research: Josiah S. Carberry, for his work in psychoceramics, the study of "cracked pots."
  • Pedestrian technology: Paul DeFanti, "wizard of structures and crusader for public safety, for his invention of the Buckybonnet, a geodesic fashion structure that pedestrians wear to protect their heads and preserve their composure".
  • Physics: Thomas Kyle, for his discovery of "the heaviest element in the universe, Administratium".

[edit] 1992

  • Archeology - Eclaireurs de France (a French Scouting organization), removers of graffiti, for damaging the prehistoric paintings of two Bisons in the Cave of Mayrière supérieure near the French village of Bruniquel.
  • Art - Presented jointly to Jim Knowlton, modern Renaissance man, for his classic anatomy poster "Penises of the Animal Kingdom," and to the U.S. National Endowment for the Arts, for encouraging Mr. Knowlton to extend his work in the form of a pop-up book.
  • Biology - Dr. Cecil Jacobson, relentlessly generous sperm donor, and prolific patriarch of sperm banking, for devising a simple, single-handed method of quality control.
  • Chemistry - Ivette Bassa, constructor of colorful colloids, for her role in the crowning achievement of twentieth century chemistry, the synthesis of bright blue Jell-O.
  • Economics - The investors of Lloyd's of London, heirs to 300 years of dull prudent management, for their bold attempt to insure disaster by refusing to pay for their company's losses.
  • Literature - Yuri Struchkov,[3] unstoppable author from the Institute of Organoelement Compounds[4] in Moscow, for the 948 scientific papers he published between the years 1981 and 1990, averaging more than one every 3.9 days.
  • Medicine - F. Kanda, E. Yagi, M. Fukuda, K. Nakajima, T. Ohta, and O. Nakata of the Shiseido Research Center in Yokohama, for their pioneering research study "Elucidation of Chemical Compounds Responsible for Foot Malodour," especially for their conclusion that people who think they have foot odor do, and those who don't, don't.
  • Nutrition - The utilizers of SPAM, courageous consumers of canned comestibles, for 54 years of undiscriminating digestion.
  • Peace - Daryl Gates, former police chief of the City of Los Angeles, for his uniquely compelling methods of bringing people together.
  • Physics - David Chorley and Doug Bower, lions of low-energy physics, for their circular contributions to field theory based on the geometrical destruction of English crops.

[edit] 1993

  • Biology - Presented jointly to Paul Williams Jr. of the Oregon State Health Division and Kenneth W. Newel of the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, bold biological detectives, for their pioneering study, "Salmonella Excretion in Joy-Riding Pigs".
  • Chemistry - Presented jointly to James Campbell and Gaines Campbell of Lookout Mountain, Tennessee, dedicated deliverers of fragrance, for inventing scent strips, the odious method by which perfume is applied to magazine pages.
  • Consumer Engineering - Presented to Ron Popeil, incessant inventor and perpetual pitchman of late night television, for redefining the industrial revolution with such devices as the Veg-O-Matic, the Pocket Fisherman, Mr. Microphone, and the Inside-the-Shell Egg Scrambler.
  • Economics - Presented to Ravi Batra of Southern Methodist University, shrewd economist and best-selling author of The Great Depression of 1990 and Surviving the Great Depression of 1990, for selling enough copies of his books to single-handedly prevent worldwide economic collapse.
  • Literature - Presented to E. Topol, R. Califf, F. Van de Werf, P. W. Armstrong, and their 972 co-authors, for publishing a medical research paper which has one hundred times as many authors as pages. The authors are from the following countries: Australia, Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Ireland, Israel, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Poland, Spain, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and the United States.
  • Mathematics - Presented to Robert W. Faid of Greenville, South Carolina, farsighted and faithful seer of statistics, for calculating the exact odds (860,609,175,188, 282,100 to 1) that Mikhail Gorbachev is the Antichrist.
  • Medicine - Presented to James F. Nolan, Thomas J. Stillwell, and John P. Sands, Jr., medical men of mercy, for their painstaking research report, "Acute Management of the Zipper-Entrapped Penis."
  • Peace - The Pepsi-Cola Company of the Philippines, for sponsoring a contest to create a millionaire, and then announcing the wrong winning number, thereby inciting and uniting 800,000 riotously expectant winners, and bringing many warring factions together for the first time in their nation's history.
  • Physics - Presented to Corentin Louis Kervran of France, ardent admirer of alchemy, for his conclusion that the calcium in chickens' eggshells is created by a process of cold fusion.
  • Psychology - Presented jointly to John Edward Mack of Harvard Medical School and David M. Jacobs of Temple University, for their conclusion that people who believe they were kidnapped by aliens from outer space, probably were — and especially for their conclusion, "the focus of the abduction is the production of children".
  • Visionary Technology - Presented jointly to Jay Schiffman of Farmington Hills, Michigan, crack inventor of AutoVision, an image projection device that makes it possible to drive a car and watch television at the same time, and to the Michigan State Legislature, for making it legal to do so.

[edit] 1994

  • Biology - Presented to W. Brian Sweeney, Brian Krafte-Jacobs, Jeffrey W. Britton, and Wayne Hansen, for their breakthrough study, "The Constipated Serviceman: Prevalence Among Deployed US Troops," and especially for their numerical analysis of bowel movement frequency.
  • Chemistry - Presented to Texas State Senator Bob Glasgow, wise writer of logical legislation, for sponsoring the 1989 drug control law which makes it illegal to purchase beakers, flasks, test tubes, or other laboratory glassware without a permit.
  • Economics - Presented to Juan Pablo Davila of Chile, tireless trader of financial futures and former employee of the state-owned company Codelco, for instructing his computer to "buy" when he meant "sell". He subsequently attempted to recoup his losses by making increasingly unprofitable trades that ultimately lost 0.5 percent of Chile's gross national product. Davila's relentless achievement inspired his countrymen to coin a new verb, "davilar", meaning "to botch things up royally".
  • Entomology - Presented to Robert A. Lopez of Westport, NY, valiant veterinarian and friend of all creatures great and small, for his series of experiments in obtaining ear mites from cats, inserting them into his own ear, and carefully observing and analyzing the results.
  • Literature - Presented to L. Ron Hubbard, ardent author of science fiction and founding father of Scientology, for his crackling Good Book, Dianetics, which is highly profitable to mankind, or to a portion thereof.
  • Mathematics - Presented to The Southern Baptist Church of Alabama, mathematical measurers of morality, for their county-by-county estimate of how many Alabama citizens will go to Hell if they don't repent.
  • Medicine - Two prizes. First, to Patient X, formerly of the US Marine Corps, valiant victim of a venomous bite from his pet rattlesnake, for his determined use of electroshock therapy. At his own insistence, automobile spark plug wires were attached to his lip, and the car engine revved to 3,000 rpm for five minutes. Second, to Dr. Richard C. Dart of the Rocky Mountain Poison Center and Dr. Richard A. Gustafson of The University of Arizona Health Sciences Center, for their well-grounded medical report, "Failure of Electric Shock Treatment for Rattlesnake Envenomation."
  • Peace - Presented to John Hagelin of Maharishi University and The Institute of Science, Technology and Public Policy, for his experimental conclusion that 4,000 trained meditators caused an 18 percent decrease in violent crime in Washington, D.C.
  • Psychology - Presented to Lee Kuan Yew, former Prime Minister of Singapore, for his thirty-year study of the effects of punishing three million citizens of Singapore whenever they spat, chewed gum, or fed pigeons.

[edit] Apocryphal achievements, no longer officially listed

  • Physics - Presented to The Japanese Meteorological Agency, for its seven-year study of whether earthquakes are caused by catfish wiggling their tails. This winner is not officially listed, as it was based on what turned out to be erroneous press accounts.

[edit] 1995

  • Chemistry - Presented to Bijan Pakzad of Beverly Hills, for creating DNA Cologne and DNA Perfume, neither of which contain deoxyribonucleic acid, and both of which come in a triple helix bottle.
  • Dentistry - Presented to Robert H. Beaumont, of Shoreview, Minnesota, for his incisive study "Patient Preference for Waxed or Unwaxed Dental Floss."
  • Economics - Presented jointly to Nick Leeson and his superiors at Barings Bank and to Robert Citron of Orange County, California for using the calculus of derivatives to demonstrate that every financial institution has its limits.
  • Literature - Presented to David B. Busch and James R. Starling, of Madison, Wisconsin, for their research report, "Rectal Foreign Bodies: Case Reports and a Comprehensive Review of the World's Literature." The citations include reports of, among other items: seven light bulbs; a knife sharpener; two flashlights; a wire spring; a snuff box; an oil can with potato stopper; eleven different forms of fruits, vegetables and other foodstuffs; a jeweler's saw; a frozen pig's tail; a tin cup; a beer glass; and one patient's remarkable ensemble collection consisting of spectacles, a suitcase key, a tobacco pouch and a magazine.
  • Medicine - Presented to Marcia E. Buebel, David S. Shannahoff-Khalsa, and Michael R. Boyle, for their study entitled "The Effects of Unilateral Forced Nostril Breathing on Cognition."
  • Nutrition - Presented to John Martinez of J. Martinez & Company in Atlanta, for Luak Coffee, the world's most expensive coffee, which is made from coffee beans ingested and excreted by the luak, a bobcat-like animal native to Indonesia.
  • Peace - Presented to the Taiwan National Parliament, for demonstrating that politicians gain more by punching, kicking and gouging each other than by waging war against other nations.
  • Physics - Presented to Dominique M.R. Georget, R. Parker, and Andrew C. Smith of Norwich, England, for their rigorous analysis of soggy breakfast cereal. It was published in the report entitled "A Study of the Effects of Water Content on the Compaction Behaviour of Breakfast Cereal Flakes."
  • Psychology - Presented to Shigeru Watanabe, Junko Sakamoto, and Masumi Wakita, of Keio University, for their success in training pigeons to discriminate between the paintings of Picasso and those of Monet.
  • Public Health - Presented to Martha Kold Bakkevig of Sintef Unimed in Trondheim, Norway, and Ruth Nielsen of the Technical University of Denmark, for their exhaustive study, "Impact of Wet Underwear on Thermoregulatory Responses and Thermal Comfort in the Cold."

[edit] 1996

[edit] 1997

[edit] 1998

[edit] 1999

[edit] 2000

[edit] 2001

[edit] 2002

[edit] 2003

  • Biology - Presented to C.W. Moeliker, of Natuurmuseum Rotterdam, for documenting the first scientifically recorded case of homosexual necrophilia in the mallard duck.
  • Chemistry - Presented to Yukio Hirose of Kanazawa University, for his chemical investigation of a bronze statue, in the city of Kanazawa, that fails to attract pigeons.
  • Economics - Presented to Karl Schwärzler and the nation of Liechtenstein, for making it possible to rent the entire country for corporate conventions, weddings, bar mitzvahs, and other gatherings.
  • Engineering - Presented to John Paul Stapp, Edward A. Murphy, Jr., and George Nichols, for jointly giving birth in 1949 to Murphy's Law, the basic engineering principle that "If there are two or more ways to do something, and one of those ways can result in a catastrophe, someone will do it" (or, in other words: "If anything can go wrong, it will").
  • Interdisciplinary Research - Presented to Stefano Ghirlanda, Liselotte Jansson, and Magnus Enquis of Stockholm University, for their inevitable report, "Chickens Prefer Beautiful Humans."
  • Literature - Presented to John Trinkaus, of the Zicklin School of Business, New York City, for meticulously collecting data and publishing more than 80 detailed academic reports about things that annoyed him, such as:
    • What percentage of young people wear baseball caps with the peak facing to the rear rather than to the front;
    • What percentage of pedestrians wear sport shoes that are white rather than some other color;
    • What percentage of swimmers swim laps in the shallow end of a pool rather than the deep end;
    • What percentage of automobile drivers almost, but not completely, come to a stop at one particular stop-sign;
    • What percentage of commuters carry attaché cases;
    • What percentage of shoppers exceed the number of items permitted in a supermarket's express checkout lane;
    • And what percentage of students dislike the taste of Brussels sprouts.
  • Medicine - Presented to Eleanor Maguire, David Gadian, Ingrid Johnsrude, Catriona Good, John Ashburner, Richard Frackowiak, and Christopher Frith of University College London, for presenting evidence that the hippocampi of London taxi drivers are more highly developed than those of their fellow citizens.[8]
  • Peace - Presented to Lal Bihari, of Uttar Pradesh, India, for a triple accomplishment: First, for leading an active life even though he has been declared legally dead; second, for waging a lively posthumous campaign against bureaucratic inertia and greedy relatives; and third, for creating the Association of Dead People. Lal Bihari overcame the handicap of being dead, and managed to obtain a passport from the Indian government so that he could travel to Harvard to accept his Prize. However, the U.S. government refused to allow him into the country. His friend Madhu Kapoor therefore came to the Ig Nobel Ceremony and accepted the Prize on behalf of Lal Bihari. Several weeks later, the Prize was presented to Lal Bihari himself in a special ceremony in India.
  • Physics - Presented to Jack Harvey, John Culveno, Warren Payne, Steve Cowle, Michael Lawrance, David Stuart, and Robyn Williams of Australia, for their irresistible report "An Analysis of the Forces Required to Drag Sheep over Various Surfaces".[9]
  • Psychology - Presented to Gian Vittorio Caprara and Claudio Barbaranelli of the University of Rome La Sapienza, and to Philip Zimbardo of Stanford University, for their discerning report "Politicians' Uniquely Simple Personalities".

[edit] 2004

[edit] 2005

  • Agricultural History - Presented to James Watson of Massey University, New Zealand, for his scholarly study, "The Significance of Mr. Richard Buckley's Exploding Trousers".
  • Biology - Presented jointly to Benjamin Smith of the University of Adelaide, Australia and the University of Toronto, Canada and the Firmenich perfume company, Geneva, Switzerland, and ChemComm Enterprises, Archamps, France; Craig Williams of James Cook University and the University of South Australia; Michael Tyler of the University of Adelaide; Brian Williams of the University of Adelaide; and Yoji Hayasaka of the Australian Wine Research Institute; for painstakingly smelling and cataloging the peculiar odors produced by 131 different species of frogs when the frogs were feeling stressed.
  • Chemistry - Presented jointly to Edward Cussler of the University of Minnesota and Brian Gettelfinger of the University of Minnesota and the University of Wisconsin-Madison, for conducting a careful experiment to settle the longstanding scientific question: can people swim faster in syrup or in water? It was found that swimmers in the experiment reach comparable velocity in both media.[11]
  • Economics - Presented to Gauri Nanda of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, for inventing Clocky, an alarm clock that runs away and hides, repeatedly, thus ensuring that people get out of bed, and thus theoretically adding many productive hours to the workday.
  • Fluid Dynamics - Presented jointly to Victor Benno Meyer-Rochow of International University Bremen, Germany and the University of Oulu, Finland; and József Gál of Loránd Eötvös University, Hungary, for using basic principles of physics to calculate the pressure that builds up inside a penguin, as detailed in their report "Pressures Produced When Penguins Poo — Calculations on Avian Defecation".
  • Literature - Presented to the Internet entrepreneurs of Nigeria, for creating and then using e-mail to distribute a bold series of short stories, thus introducing millions of readers to a cast of rich characters — General Sani Abacha, Mrs. Mariam Sanni Abacha, Barrister Jon A Mbeki Esq., and others — each of whom requires just a small amount of expense money so as to obtain access to the great wealth to which they are entitled and which they would like to share with the kind person who assists them. (See advance fee fraud.)
  • Medicine - Presented to Gregg A. Miller of Oak Grove, Missouri, in the U.S.A., for inventing Neuticles — artificial replacement testicles for dogs, which are available in three sizes, and three degrees of firmness.
  • Nutrition - Presented to Dr. Yoshiro Nakamatsu of Tokyo, Japan, for photographing and retrospectively analyzing every meal he has consumed during a period of 34 years (and counting).
  • Peace - Presented jointly to Claire Rind and Peter Simmons of University of Newcastle, in the UK, for electrically monitoring the activity of a brain cell in a locust while that locust was watching selected highlights from the movie Star Wars.
  • Physics - Presented jointly to John Mainstone and Thomas Parnell of the University of Queensland, Australia, for patiently conducting the so-called pitch drop experiment that began in the year 1927 — in which a glob of congealed black tar pitch has been slowly dripping through a funnel, at a rate of approximately one drop every nine years.

[edit] 2006

[edit] 2007

  • Aviation: Patricia V. Agostino, Santiago A. Plano and Diego A. Golombek, for discovering that hamsters recover from jetlag more quickly when given Viagra.[19][20]
  • Biology: Johanna E.M.H. van Bronswijk, for taking a census of all the mites and other life forms that live in people's beds.[21]
  • Chemistry: Mayu Yamamoto for extracting vanilla flavour from cow dung.[22]
  • Economics: Kuo Cheng Hsieh, for patenting a device to catch bank robbers by ensnaring them in a net.[23]
  • Linguistics: Juan Manuel Toro, Josep B. Trobalon and Nuria Sebastian-Galles, for determining that rats sometimes can't distinguish between recordings of Japanese and Dutch played backward.[24]
  • Literature: Glenda Browne, for her study into indexing entries that start with the word "the".[25]
  • Medicine: Dan Meyer and Brian Witcombe, for investigating the side-effects of swallowing swords.[26]
  • Nutrition: Brian Wansink, for investigating people's appetite for mindless eating by secretly feeding them a self-refilling bowl of soup.[27]
  • Peace: The Air Force Wright Laboratory in Dayton, Ohio, for suggesting the research and development of a "gay bomb," which would cause enemy troops to become sexually attracted to each other.
  • Physics: L. Mahadevan and Enrique Cerda Villablanca for their theoretical study of how sheets become wrinkled.[28]

[edit] 2008

The "18th First Annual Ig Nobel Prize Ceremony" was held on 2 October 2008 at Harvard University's Sanders Theatre.[29]

  • Biology: Marie-Christine Cadiergues, Christel Joubert, and Michel Franc, for discovering that fleas that live on dogs jump higher than fleas that live on cats.[32]
  • Chemistry: Sheree Umpierre, Joseph Hill, and Deborah Anderson, for discovering that Coca-Cola is an effective spermicide,[33] and C.Y. Hong, C.C. Shieh, P. Wu, and B.N. Chiang for accidentally proving it is not.[34][35]
  • Cognitive science: Toshiyuki Nakagaki, Hiroyasu Yamada, Ryo Kobayashi, Atsushi Tero, Akio Ishiguro, and Ágota Tóth, for discovering that slime molds can solve puzzles.[36][37]
  • Economics: Geoffrey Miller, Joshua Tyber, and Brent Jordan, for discovering that exotic dancers earn more when at peak fertility.[38]
  • Literature: David Sims, for his study "You Bastard: A Narrative Exploration of the Experience of Indignation within Organizations".[39][40]
  • Peace: The Swiss Federal Ethics Committee on Non-Human Biotechnology and the citizens of Switzerland, for adopting the legal principle that plants have dignity.[45]
  • Physics: Dorian Raymer and Douglas Smith, for proving that heaps of string or hair will inevitably tangle.[46]

[edit] See also

[edit] References

  1. ^ BBC NEWS | Science/Nature | Teen repellent is Ig Nobel winner
  2. ^ Ig Nobel prizes debut, The MIT Tech
  3. ^ (IUCr) Crystallographers - Yuri Timofeevich Struchkov (1926-1995) - Obituary
  4. ^ Home
  5. ^ YouTube video, showing the world record BBQ igniting
  6. ^ Smell and taste of chewing gum affect frequency do...[Int J Neurosci. 1998] - PubMed Result
  7. ^ "An innovation patent doesn't allow you to legally stop others from copying your innovation unless you have your innovation patent examined. Examination of an innovation patent will only occur if requested by the patentee, a third party or the commissioner of patents. An innovation patent is only legally enforceable and certified if it has been examined by IP Australia and has met the requirements of the Patents Act." and "As the innovation patent is granted without examination, IP Australia has not made any checks that the patent is valid." IP Australia web site, Home > Patents > What is a patent? > The Innovation Patent, consulted on December 14, 2008.
  8. ^ Maguire EA et al. (2000). "Navigation-related structural change in the hippocampi of taxi drivers". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 97 (8): 4398-403. doi:10.1073/pnas.070039597. PMID 10716738. http://www.pnas.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=10716738. 
  9. ^ http://www.culvenor.com/Download%20Files/An%20analysis%20of%20the%20forces%20required%20to%20drag%20sheep.pdf
  10. ^ F. Chilargi, "Link between suicide and country music, Wayne State [Ig] Nobel Prize laureate says" The South End (Detroit) December 3, 2004, p. 1
  11. ^ Swimming in goop nets researchers an Ig Nobel Prize: UMNnews: U of M
  12. ^ A. Mulet, J. Benedito, J. Bon, C. Rossello (1999). "Ultrasonic Velocity in Cheddar Cheese as Affected by Temperature". Journal of Food Science 64 (6): 1038–1041. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2621.1999.tb12277.x. 
  13. ^ Oppenheimer, Daniel M. (2006). "Consequences of erudite vernacular utilized irrespective of necessity: problems with using long words needlessly". Applied cognitive psychology 20 (2): 139. doi:10.1002/acp.1178. 
  14. ^ Fesmire FM. (1988). "Termination of intractable hiccups with digital rectal massage". Ann Emerg Med 17 (8): 872. PMID 3395000. 
  15. ^ Odeh M, Bassan H, Oliven A. (1990). "Termination of intractable hiccups with digital rectal massage". J Intern Med 227 (2): 145-6. PMID 2299306. 
  16. ^ Al-Houty, W (1997). "Dung preference of the dung beetleScarabaeus cristatusFab (Coleoptera-Scarabaeidae) from Kuwait". Journal of arid environments 35 (3): 511. doi:10.1006/jare.1996.0179. 
  17. ^ Schwab, I. R (2002). "articlerender.fcgi?artid=1771249 Cure for a headache". British Journal of Ophthalmology 86 (8): 843. doi:10.1136/bjo.86.8.843. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/ articlerender.fcgi?artid=1771249. 
  18. ^ Audoly B, Neukirch S. (2005). "Fragmentation of rods by cascading cracks: why spaghetti does not break in half". Phys Rev Lett 95 (9): 095505. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.095505. PMID 16197227. 
  19. ^ Patricia V. Agostino, Santiago A. Plano, and Diego A. Golombek (2007). "Sildenafil accelerates reentrainment of circadian rhythms after advancing light schedules". PNAS 104 (23): 9834–9839. doi:10.1073/pnas.0703388104. PMID 17519328. 
  20. ^ doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2007.10.058
  21. ^ G. Rijckaert, J. E. M. H. van Bronswijk, and H. F. Linskens (1981). "House-dust community (Fungi, mites) in different climatic regions". FEBS Letter 48 (2): 95–100. doi:10.1007/BF00347961. 
  22. ^ Yamamoto M, Futamura Y, Fujioka K, and Yamamoto K, Novel production method for plant polyphenol from livestock excrement using subcritical water reaction, http://hindawi.com/RecentlyAcceptedArticlePDF.aspx?journal=IJCE&number=603957 
  23. ^ United States Patent: 6219959 Net trapping system for capturing a robber immediately
  24. ^ Toro, Juan M.; Trobalon, Josep B.; Sebastián-Gallés, Núria (2005). "Effects of Backward Speech and Speaker Variability in Language Discrimination by Rats". Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes 31 (1): 95–100. doi:10.1037/0097-7403.31.1.95. http://content.apa.org/journals/xan/31/1/95. 
  25. ^ Glenda Browne, (April 2001). "The Definite Article: Acknowledging 'The' in Index Entries". The Indexer 22 (3): 119-22. http://www.theindexer.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=101&Itemid=63. 
  26. ^ Brian Witcombe, Dan Meyer (2006). "Sword swallowing and its side effects". British Medical Journal 333: 1285–1287. doi:10.1136/bmj.39027.676690.55. PMID 17185708. 
  27. ^ Wansink B, Painter JE, North J. (2005). "Bottomless bowls: why visual cues of portion size may influence intake". Obesity Research 13 (1): 93-100. doi:10.1038/oby.2005.12. PMID 15761167. 
  28. ^ Cerda, E. (1998). "Conical Surfaces and Crescent Singularities in Crumpled Sheets". Physical Review letters 80 (11): 2358. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.80.2358. 
  29. ^ Improbable Research Retrieved on 3 October 2008.
  30. ^ Mello Araujo, Astolfo G.; Carlos Marcelino, José (April 2003), "The role of armadillos in the movement of archaeological materials: An experimental approach", Geoarchaeology (Wiley Periodicals) 18 (4): 433–60, doi:10.1002/gea.10070, http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/104081908/abstract, retrieved on 2008-10-03 
  31. ^ Reebs, Stephan (September 2003), "Experiment of the month", Natural History (American Museum of Natural History), http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1134/is_/ai_107897176, retrieved on 2008-10-03 
  32. ^ Cadierguesa, Marie-Christine; Jouberta, Christel; Franc, Michel (October 2000), "A comparison of jump performances of the dog flea, Ctenocephalides canis (Curtis, 1826) and the cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis felis (Bouché, 1835)", Veterinary Parasitology (Elsevier Science) 92 (3): 239–41, doi:10.1016/S0304-4017(00)00274-0, http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TD7-411X9WW-9&_user=10&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=009f5a454c86e2ae6bd2aa4db64b0420, retrieved on 2008-10-03 
  33. ^ Umpierre, Sheree; Hill, Joseph; Anderson, Deborah (21 November 1985), "Correspondence: Effect of 'Coke' on sperm motility", NEJM (Massachusetts Medical Society) 313 (21): 1351, http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/citation/313/21/1351, retrieved on 2008-10-03 
  34. ^ Hong, C.Y.; Shieh, C.C.; Wu, P.; Chiang, B.N. (September 1987), "The spermicidal potency of Coca-Cola and Pepsi-Cola.", Human Toxicology (Macmillan Publishers, Scientific and Medical Division) 6 (5): 395–6, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3679247, retrieved on 2008-10-03 
  35. ^ Mikkelson, Barbara (16 March 2007), Killer Sperm: Coca-Cola Spermicide, Snopes, http://www.snopes.com/cokelore/sperm.asp, retrieved on 2008-10-03 
  36. ^ Nakagaki, Toshiyuki; Yamada, Hiroyasu; Tóth, Ágota (28 September 2000), "Intelligence: Maze-solving by an amoeboid organism", Nature (Nature Publishing Group) 407 (470), doi:10.1038/35035159, http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v407/n6803/full/407470a0.html, retrieved on 2008-10-03 
  37. ^ Phillips, Tony (October 2000), Math in the Media, American Mathematical Society, http://www.ams.org/mathmedia/archive/10-2000-media.html#slime, retrieved on 2008-10-03 
  38. ^ Miller, Geoffrey (November 2007), "Ovulatory cycle effects on tip earnings by lap dancers: economic evidence for human estrus?" (PDF), Evolution and Human Behavior (Elsevier) 28 (6): 375–81, http://www.unm.edu/~gfmiller/cycle_effects_on_tips.pdf, retrieved on 2008-10-03 
  39. ^ Sims, David (1 November 2005), "You Bastard: A Narrative Exploration of the Experience of Indignation within Organizations", Organization Studies 26 (11): 1625–40, doi:10.1177/0170840605054625, http://oss.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/26/11/1625, retrieved on 2008-10-03 
  40. ^ Abrahams, Robin (16 May 2008), "Best. Paper. Ever.", The Boston Globe Magazine, Miss Conduct's Blog (P. Steven Ainsley), http://www.boston.com/bostonglobe/magazine/missconduct/2008/05/best_paper_ever.html, retrieved on 2008-10-03 
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