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List of dialects of the English language
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This is a list of varieties of the English language. Dialects are linguistic varieties which differ in pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar from each other and from Standard English (which is itself a dialect).
British linguists distinguish dialect from accent, which refers only to pronunciation. Thus, any educated English speaker can use the vocabulary and grammar of Standard English, but different speakers use their own regional accent, or Received Pronunciation, which within the U.K. is considered an accent distinguished by class rather than by region. American linguists, however, include pronunciation differences as part of the definition of regional or social dialects (better called varieties).
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[edit] By continent
[edit] Europe
- British English (BrE, BrEng)
- Black British English (BBE)
- England (English language in England (EngEng))
- North
- Cheshire
- Cumbrian dialect
- Yorkshire (also known as Tyke)
- Lancastrian
- Northeast
- Geordie (Newcastle upon Tyne)
- Mackem (Sunderland)
- Pitmatic (Durham and Northumberland)
- Northumbrian (Rural Northumberland)
- In the far north, local speech is noticibly Scots in nature.
- Midlands
- South
- West Country
- North
- Scotland
- Wales
- Welsh English
- North East English (a toned down Scouse/Manchester accent)
- Pembrokeshire dialect
- Ireland
- Isle of Man
- Channel Islands
- Malta
[edit] North America
- American English (AmE, AmEng, USEng)
- Cultural
- Regional
- Northeastern dialects
- Boston English
- Buffalo English
- Hudson Valley English (Albany)
- Inland Northern American English (includes western and central upstate New York)
- Maine-New Hampshire English
- New York City Dialect, Northern New Jersey Dialect (New York metropolitan area)
- Northeast Pennsylvania English (Scranton, Pennsylvania-area)
- Philadelphia-area English
- Pittsburgh English
- Providence-area English
- Vermont English
- Wawarsing English
- Mid-Atlantic dialects
- Midwest
- Inland North American (Lower peninsula of Michigan, northern Ohio and Indiana, the suburbs of Chicago, part of eastern Wisconsin and upstate New York)
- The Chicago accent
- North Central American English (primarily Minnesota, but also most of Wisconsin, the Upper peninsula of Michigan, and parts of North Dakota, South Dakota, and Iowa)
- Yooper dialect (the variety of North Central American English spoken in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan and in some neighboring areas)
- North Midlands English (thin swath from Nebraska to Ohio)
- St. Louis dialect
- Inland North American (Lower peninsula of Michigan, northern Ohio and Indiana, the suburbs of Chicago, part of eastern Wisconsin and upstate New York)
- Southern English
- Upper South
- South Midland (thin swath from Oklahoma to Pennsylvania)
- Appalachian English
- Lower South
- Western English
- Northeastern dialects
- Canadian English (CanE, CanEng)
- Bermudian English
- Native American Englishes (Amerindian Englishes)
[edit] Caribbean
[edit] Central and South America
[edit] Asia
- Burmese English
- Hong Kong English
- Pakistani English
- Indian English
- Malaysian English (MyE)
- Philippine English (PhE)
- Singapore English
- Sri Lankan English (SLE)
[edit] Africa
- Cameroon English
- Liberian English
- Nigerian English
- Malawian English
- South African English
- East African English
[edit] Oceania
- Australian English (AusE, AusEng)
- Fijian English
- New Zealand English (NZE, NZEng)
[edit] Constructed
See also: International English
[edit] Manual encodings
These encoding systems should not be confused with sign languages such as British Sign Language and American Sign Language.
[edit] "Lishes"
The following are portmanteaus devised to describe certain local variants of English. Although similarly named, they are actually quite different in nature, with some being genuine mixed languages, some being instances of heavy code-switching between English and another language, some being genuine local dialects of English used by first-language English speakers, and some being non-native pronunciations of English. A few portmanteaus (such as Greeklish and Pinglish) are transliteration methods rather than any kind of spoken variant of English.
- Benglish (Bengali English)
- Chinglish (Chinese English)
- Czenglish (Czech English)
- Danglish (Danish English)
- Dunglish (Dutch English)
- Engrish (Japanese English)
- Finglish (Finnish English)
- Franglais (French English)
- Denglisch/Germlish/Genglish/Ginglish/Germish/Pseudo-Anglicism (German English)
- Hebrish (Hebrew English) - also sometimes used to refer to English written with Hebrew characters
- Hunglish (Hungarian English)
- Italish (Italian English)
- Japlish (Japanese English)
- Konglish (South Korean English)
- Poglish (Polish English)
- Porglish (Portuguese English)
- Punglish (Punjabi English)
- Rominglish/Romglish (Romanian English)
- Runglish (Russian English)
- Serblish (Serbian English)
- Singlish (Singapore English, multiple varieties)
- Spanglish (Spanish English)
- Swanglish/Kiswanglish (Swahili English)
- Swenglish (Swedish English)
- Taglish (Tagalog English)
- Tinglish/Thailish (Thai English)
- Vinish (Vietnamese English)
- Wenglish (Welsh English)
- Yeshivish (Yeshiva English)
[edit] See also
- Survey of English Dialects
- Regional accents of English speakers
- History of the English language
- Macaronic language
- European English
- English-based creole languages
[edit] References
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This article does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources (ideally, using inline citations). Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2006) |
[edit] External links
- Sounds Familiar? Listen to examples of regional accents and dialects from across the UK on the British Library's 'Sounds Familiar' website
- English Accents and Dialects A browsable collection of recordings by the British Library.
- Accents of English from Around the World Hear and compare how the same 110 words are pronounced in 50 English accents from around the world - instantaneous playback online
- American Dialects
- BBC sound archive of accents in the British Isles
- whoohoo.co.uk British Dialect Translator Translate text into regional dialects from the British Isles
- International Dialects of English Archive
- Runglish
- Regional Accents for the Non-Expert
- Speech Accent Archive
- |Dialect Poetry from the English regions
- American Languages: Our Nation's Many Voices: An online audio resource presenting interviews with speakers of German-American and American English dialects from across the United States.
- thedialectdictionary.com - Compilation of Dialects from around the globe
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