John McCain

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This article is about the U.S. Senator. For other persons and ships of the same name, see John McCain (disambiguation).
John McCain
John McCain
Incumbent
Assumed office 
January 3, 1987
Serving with Jon Kyl
Preceded by Barry Goldwater
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Arizona's 1st district
In office
January 3, 1983 – January 3, 1987
Preceded by John Jacob Rhodes Jr.
Succeeded by John Jacob Rhodes III
Born August 29, 1936 (1936-08-29) (age 72)
Coco Solo Naval Air Station, Panama Canal Zone, Panama
Birth name John Sidney McCain III
Nationality American
Political party Republican
Spouse Carol Shepp (m. 1965, div. 1980)
Cindy Lou Hensley (m. 1980)
Children Douglas (b. 1959, adopted 1966),
Andrew (b. 1962, adopted 1966),
Sidney (b. 1966),
Meghan (b. 1984),
John Sidney IV "Jack" (b. 1986),
James "Jimmy" (b. 1988),
Bridget (b. 1991, adopted 1993)
Alma mater United States Naval Academy
Profession Naval aviator, Politician
Religion Baptist congregant
(Brought up Episcopalian)[1]
Signature John McCain's signature
Website U.S. Senator John McCain: Arizona
Military service
Service/branch United States Navy
Years of service 1958 – 1981
Rank Captain
Battles/wars Vietnam War
This article is part of the series

John Sidney McCain III (born August 29, 1936) is the senior United States Senator from Arizona. He was the Republican nominee for president in the 2008 United States election.

McCain followed his father and grandfather, both four-star admirals, into the United States Navy, graduating from the U.S. Naval Academy in 1958. He became a naval aviator, flying ground-attack aircraft from aircraft carriers. During the Vietnam War, he nearly lost his life in the 1967 USS Forrestal fire. In October 1967, while on a bombing mission over Hanoi, he was shot down, badly injured, and captured by the North Vietnamese. He was a prisoner of war until 1973. McCain experienced episodes of torture, and refused an out-of-sequence early repatriation offer. His war wounds left him with lifelong physical limitations.

He retired from the Navy as a captain in 1981, moved to Arizona, and entered politics. Elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1982, he served two terms, and was then elected to the U.S. Senate in 1986, winning re-election easily in 1992, 1998, and 2004. While generally adhering to conservative principles, McCain at times has had a media reputation as a "maverick" for his willingness to disagree with his party on certain issues. After being investigated and largely exonerated in a political influence scandal of the 1980s as a member of the Keating Five, he made campaign finance reform one of his signature concerns, which eventually led to the passage of the McCain-Feingold Act in 2002. He is also known for his work towards restoring diplomatic relations with Vietnam in the 1990s, and for his belief that the war in Iraq should be fought to a successful conclusion. McCain has chaired the Senate Commerce Committee, has opposed spending that he considered to be pork barrel, and played a key role in alleviating a crisis over judicial nominations.

McCain ran for the Republican presidential nomination in 2000, but lost a heated primary contest to George W. Bush. He secured the nomination in 2008 after coming back from early reversals, but lost to Democratic candidate Barack Obama in the general election.

Contents

Early life and military career, 1936–1981

Main article: Early life and military career of John McCain

Formative years and education

John McCain was born on August 29, 1936 at Coco Solo Naval Air Station in the Panama Canal Zone, Panama, to naval officer John S. McCain, Jr. (1911–1981) and Roberta (Wright) McCain (b. 1912).[2] At that time, the Panama Canal was under U.S. control.[3]

McCain's family tree includes Scots-Irish and English ancestors.[4] His father and his paternal grandfather both became four-star United States Navy admirals.[5] His family, including his older sister Sandy and younger brother Joe,[2] followed his father to various naval postings in the United States and the Pacific.[6] Altogether, he attended about 20 schools.[7]

In 1951, the family settled in Northern Virginia, and McCain attended Episcopal High School, a private preparatory boarding school in Alexandria.[8] He excelled at wrestling and graduated in 1954.[9]

Following in the footsteps of his father and grandfather, McCain entered the United States Naval Academy at Annapolis. There, he was a friend and informal leader for many of his classmates,[10] and sometimes stood up for targets of bullying.[5] He also became a lightweight boxer.[11] McCain came into conflict with higher-ranking personnel, he did not always obey the rules, and that contributed to a low class rank (894 of 899), despite a high IQ.[10][12] He did well in academic subjects that interested him, such as literature and history, but studied only enough to pass subjects he struggled with, such as mathematics.[5][13] McCain graduated in 1958.[10]

McCain at left in 1951 with mother, brother, and father
McCain at college in 1954

Naval training, first marriage, and Vietnam assignment

John McCain's early military career began when he was commissioned an ensign and started two and a half years of training at Pensacola to become a naval aviator.[14] While there, he earned a reputation as a partying man.[7] He completed flight school in 1960, and became a naval pilot of ground-attack aircraft, assigned to A-1 Skyraider squadrons[15] aboard the aircraft carriers USS Intrepid and USS Enterprise[16] in the Caribbean and Mediterranean Seas.[17] McCain began as a sub-par flier[17] who was at times careless and reckless;[18] during the early-to-mid 1960s, the planes he was flying crashed twice and once collided with power lines, but he received no major injuries.[18] His aviation skills improved over time,[17] and he was seen as a good pilot, albeit one who tended to "push the envelope" in his flying.[18]

On July 3, 1965, McCain married Carol Shepp, a model originally from Philadelphia.[19] McCain adopted her two young children Douglas and Andrew.[16][20] He and Carol then had a daughter named Sidney.[21][22]

McCain requested a combat assignment,[23] and was assigned to the aircraft carrier USS Forrestal flying A-4 Skyhawks.[24] His combat duty began when he was 30 years old, in summer 1967, when Forrestal was assigned to a bombing campaign, Operation Rolling Thunder, during the Vietnam War.[19][25] McCain and his fellow pilots became frustrated by micromanagement from Washington, and he would later write that "In all candor, we thought our civilian commanders were complete idiots who didn't have the least notion of what it took to win the war."[25][26]

By then a lieutenant commander, McCain was almost killed on July 29, 1967, when he was near the center of the Forrestal fire. He escaped from his burning jet and was trying to help another pilot escape when a bomb exploded;[27] McCain was struck in the legs and chest by fragments.[28] The ensuing fire killed 134 sailors and took 24 hours to control.[29][30] With the Forrestal out of commission, McCain volunteered for assignment with the USS Oriskany, another aircraft carrier employed in Operation Rolling Thunder.[31] Once there, he would be awarded the Navy Commendation Medal and the Bronze Star for missions flown over North Vietnam.[32]

Prisoner of war

John McCain's capture and subsequent imprisonment began on October 26, 1967. He was flying his 23rd bombing mission over North Vietnam when his A-4E Skyhawk was shot down by a missile over Hanoi.[33][34] McCain fractured both arms and a leg ejecting from the aircraft,[35] and nearly drowned when he parachuted into Truc Bach Lake.[33] Some North Vietnamese pulled him ashore, then others crushed his shoulder with a rifle butt and bayoneted him.[33] McCain was then transported to Hanoi's main Hoa Lo Prison, nicknamed the "Hanoi Hilton".[34]

McCain being pulled from Truc Bach Lake in Hanoi[36] on October 26, 1967

Although McCain was badly wounded, his captors refused to treat his injuries, beating and interrogating him to get information; he was given medical care only when the North Vietnamese discovered that his father was a top admiral.[37] His status as a prisoner of war (POW) made the front pages of major newspapers.[38][39]

McCain spent six weeks in the hospital while receiving marginal care.[33] By then having lost 50 pounds (23 kg), in a chest cast, and with his hair turned white,[33] McCain was sent to a different camp on the outskirts of Hanoi[40] in December 1967, into a cell with two other Americans who did not expect him to live a week.[41] In March 1968, McCain was put into solitary confinement, where he would remain for two years.[42]

In mid-1968, John S. McCain, Jr. was named commander of all U.S. forces in the Vietnam theater, and the North Vietnamese offered McCain early release[43] because they wanted to appear merciful for propaganda purposes,[44] and also to show other POWs that elite prisoners were willing to be treated preferentially.[43] McCain turned down the offer; he would only accept repatriation if every man taken in before him was released as well. Such early release was prohibited by the POW's interpretation of the military Code of Conduct: To prevent the enemy from using prisoners for propaganda, officers were to agree to be released in the order in which they were captured.[33]

In August 1968, a program of severe torture began on McCain.[45] He was subjected to rope bindings and repeated beatings every two hours, at the same time as he was suffering from dysentery.[33][45] Further injuries led to the beginning of a suicide attempt, stopped by guards.[33] After four days, McCain made an anti-American propaganda "confession".[33] He has always felt that his statement was dishonorable, but as he later wrote, "I had learned what we all learned over there: Every man has his breaking point. I had reached mine."[46][47] Many American POWs were tortured and maltreated in order to extract "confessions" and propaganda statements, with many enduring even longer and worse treatment;[48] virtually all of them eventually yielded something to their captors.[49] McCain subsequently received two to three beatings weekly because of his continued refusal to sign additional statements.[50]

McCain giving an interview to the press on April 24, 1973, after his return from Vietnam. Photo by US News and World Report.

McCain refused to meet with various anti-war groups seeking peace in Hanoi, wanting to give neither them nor the North Vietnamese a propaganda victory.[51] From late 1969 onward, treatment of McCain and many of the other POWs became more tolerable,[52] while McCain continued actively to resist the camp authorities.[53] McCain and other prisoners cheered the U.S. "Christmas Bombing" campaign of December 1972, viewing it as a forceful measure to push North Vietnam to terms.[47][54]

Altogether, McCain was a prisoner of war in North Vietnam for five and a half years. He was released on March 14, 1973.[55] His wartime injuries left McCain permanently incapable of raising his arms above his head.[56]

Commanding officer, liaison to Senate, and second marriage

McCain's return to the United States reunited him with his family. His wife Carol had suffered her own crippling ordeal due to an automobile accident in December 1969.[57] McCain became a celebrity of sorts, as a returned POW.[57]

McCain underwent treatment for his injuries, including months of grueling physical therapy,[58] and attended the National War College at Fort McNair in Washington, D.C. during 1973–1974.[59] Having been rehabilitated, by late 1974, McCain had his flight status reinstated, and in 1976 he became commanding officer of a training squadron stationed in Florida.[57][60] He improved the unit's flight readiness and safety records,[61] and won the squadron its first-ever Meritorious Unit Commendation.[60] During this period in Florida, McCain had extramarital affairs, and the McCains' marriage began to falter, for which he later would accept blame.[62][63]

McCain served as the Navy's liaison to the U.S. Senate beginning in 1977.[64] In retrospect, he has said that this represented his "real entry into the world of politics and the beginning of my second career as a public servant."[57] His key behind-the-scenes role gained congressional financing for a new supercarrier against the wishes of the Carter administration.[58][65]

In April 1979,[58] McCain met Cindy Lou Hensley, a teacher from Phoenix, Arizona, whose father had founded a large beer distributorship.[63] They began dating, and he urged his wife Carol to grant him a divorce, which she did in February 1980, with the uncontested divorce taking effect in April 1980.[20][58] The settlement included two houses, and financial support for her ongoing medical treatments due to her 1969 car accident; they would remain on good terms.[63] McCain and Hensley were married on May 17, 1980, with Senators William Cohen and Gary Hart attending as groomsmen.[19][63] McCain’s children did not attend, and several years would pass before they reconciled.[22][58] John and Cindy McCain entered into a prenuptial agreement that kept most of her family's assets under her name; they would always keep their finances apart and file separate income tax returns.[66]

McCain decided to leave the Navy. It was doubtful whether he would ever be promoted to the rank of full admiral, as he had poor annual physicals and had been given no major sea command.[67] His chances of being promoted to rear admiral were better, but McCain declined that prospect, as he had already made plans to run for Congress and said he could "do more good there."[68][69] McCain retired from the Navy on April 1, 1981[70] as a captain.[32] He was designated as disabled and awarded a disability pension.[71] Upon leaving the military, he moved to Arizona. His 17 military awards and decorations include the Silver Star, Legion of Merit, Distinguished Flying Cross, Bronze Star and Navy Commendation Medal, for actions before, during, and after his time as a POW.[32]

House and Senate elections and career, 1982–2000

Main article: House and Senate career of John McCain, until 2000
See also: Electoral history of John McCain

U.S. Congressman

McCain set his sights on becoming a Congressman because he was interested in current events, was ready for a new challenge, and had developed political ambitions during his time as Senate liaison.[63][72][73] Living in Phoenix, he went to work for Hensley & Co., his new father-in-law Jim Hensley's large Anheuser-Busch beer distributorship.[63] As Vice President of Public Relations at the distributorship, he gained political support among the local business community, meeting powerful figures such as banker Charles Keating, Jr., real estate developer Fife Symington III and newspaper publisher Darrow "Duke" Tully.[64][74] In 1982, McCain ran as a Republican for an open seat in Arizona's 1st congressional district.[75] A newcomer to the state, McCain was hit with repeated charges of being a carpetbagger.[63] McCain responded to a voter making that charge with what a Phoenix Gazette columnist would later describe as "the most devastating response to a potentially troublesome political issue I've ever heard":[63]

"Listen, pal. I spent 22 years in the Navy. My father was in the Navy. My grandfather was in the Navy. We in the military service tend to move a lot. We have to live in all parts of the country, all parts of the world. I wish I could have had the luxury, like you, of growing up and living and spending my entire life in a nice place like the First District of Arizona, but I was doing other things. As a matter of fact, when I think about it now, the place I lived longest in my life was Hanoi."[63][76]

With the assistance of local political endorsements, his Washington connections, as well as money that his wife lent to his campaign,[64] McCain won a highly contested primary election.[63] He then easily won the general election in the heavily Republican district.[63]

In 1983, McCain was elected to lead the incoming group of Republican representatives,[63] and was assigned to the House Committee on Interior Affairs. Also that year, he opposed creation of a federal Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, but admitted in 2008: "I was wrong and eventually realized that, in time to give full support [in 1990] for a state holiday in Arizona."[77][78]

McCain's politics at this point were mainly in line with President Ronald Reagan, including support for Reaganomics, and he was active on Indian Affairs bills.[79] He supported most aspects of the foreign policy of the Reagan administration, including its hardline stance against the Soviet Union and policy towards Central American conflicts, such as backing the Contras in Nicaragua.[79] McCain opposed keeping U.S. Marines deployed in Lebanon citing unattainable objectives, and subsequently criticized President Reagan for pulling out the troops too late; in the interim, the 1983 Beirut barracks bombing killed hundreds.[63][80] McCain won re-election to the House easily in 1984,[63] and gained a spot on the House Foreign Affairs Committee.[81] In 1985, he made his first return trip to Vietnam,[82] and also traveled to Chile where he met with its military junta ruler, General Augusto Pinochet.[83][84][85]

Growing family

In 1984 McCain and his wife Cindy had their first child together, daughter Meghan. She was followed two years later by son John Sidney McCain IV (known as Jack), and in 1988 by son James (Jimmy).[86] In 1991, Cindy McCain brought an abandoned three-month old girl needing medical treatment to the U.S. from a Bangladeshi orphanage run by Mother Teresa.[87] The McCains decided to adopt her, and named her Bridget.[88]

First two terms in U.S. Senate

McCain's Senate career began in January 1987, after he defeated his Democratic opponent, former state legislator Richard Kimball, by 20 percentage points in the 1986 election.[64][89] McCain succeeded longtime American conservative icon and Arizona fixture Barry Goldwater upon the latter's retirement as United States Senator from Arizona.[89]

McCain meeting President Ronald Reagan with First Lady Nancy Reagan at left, March 1987

Senator McCain became a member of the Armed Services Committee, with which he had formerly done his Navy liaison work; he also joined the Commerce Committee and the Indian Affairs Committee.[89] McCain continued to support the Native American agenda.[90] As first a House member and then a senator – and as a life-long gambler with close ties to the gambling industry[91] – McCain was one of the main authors of the 1988 Indian Gaming Regulatory Act,[92][93] which codified rules regarding Native American gambling enterprises.[94] McCain was also a strong supporter of the Gramm-Rudman legislation that enforced automatic spending cuts in the case of budget deficits.[95]

McCain soon gained national visibility. He delivered a well-received speech at the 1988 Republican National Convention, was mentioned by the press as a short list vice-presidential running mate for Republican nominee George H. W. Bush, and was named chairman of Veterans for Bush.[96][89]

McCain became enmeshed in a scandal during the 1980s as one of five United States Senators comprising the so-called Keating Five.[97] Between 1982 and 1987, McCain had received $112,000 in lawful[98] political contributions from Charles Keating Jr. and his associates at Lincoln Savings and Loan Association, along with trips on Keating's jets[97] that McCain belatedly repaid in 1989.[99] In 1987, McCain was one of the five senators whom Keating contacted in order to prevent the government's seizure of Lincoln, and McCain met twice with federal regulators to discuss the government's investigation of Lincoln.[97] In 1999, McCain said: "The appearance of it was wrong. It's a wrong appearance when a group of senators appear in a meeting with a group of regulators, because it conveys the impression of undue and improper influence. And it was the wrong thing to do."[100] In the end, McCain was cleared by the Senate Ethics Committee of acting improperly or violating any law or Senate rule, but was mildly rebuked for exercising "poor judgment".[100][98] In his 1992 re-election bid, the Keating Five affair was not a major issue,[101] and he won handily, gaining 56 percent of the vote to defeat Democratic community and civil rights activist Claire Sargent and independent former Governor Evan Mecham.[102]

The 1992 christening of USS John S. McCain at Bath Iron Works, with his mother Roberta, son Jack, daughter Meghan, and wife Cindy

McCain developed a reputation for independence during the 1990s.[103] He took pride in challenging party leadership and establishment forces, becoming difficult to categorize politically.[103]

As a member of the 1991–1993 Senate Select Committee on POW/MIA Affairs, chaired by Democrat and fellow Vietnam War veteran John Kerry, McCain investigated the Vietnam War POW/MIA issue, to determine the fate of U.S. service personnel listed as missing in action during the Vietnam War.[104] The committee's unanimous report stated there was "no compelling evidence that proves that any American remains alive in captivity in Southeast Asia."[105] Helped by McCain's efforts, in 1995 the U.S. normalized diplomatic relations with Vietnam.[106] McCain was vilified by some POW/MIA activists who, unlike the Arizona senator, believed large numbers of Americans were still held against their will in Southeast Asia.[106][107][108] Since January 1993, McCain has been Chairman of the International Republican Institute, an organization partly funded by the U.S. Government that supports the emergence of political democracy worldwide.[109]

In 1993 and 1994, McCain voted to confirm President Clinton's nominees Stephen Breyer and Ruth Bader Ginsburg whom he considered to be qualified for the U.S. Supreme Court. He would later explain that "under our Constitution, it is the president's call to make."[110] McCain had also voted to confirm nominees of Presidents Ronald Reagan and George H.W. Bush, including Robert Bork and Clarence Thomas.[111]

McCain attacked what he saw as the corrupting influence of large political contributions – from corporations, labor unions, other organizations, and wealthy individuals – and he made this his signature issue.[112] Starting in 1994, he worked with Democratic Wisconsin Senator Russ Feingold on campaign finance reform; their McCain-Feingold bill attempted to put limits on "soft money".[112] The efforts of McCain and Feingold were opposed by some of the moneyed interests targeted, by incumbents in both parties, by those who felt spending limits impinged on free political speech and might be unconstitutional as well, and by those who wanted to counterbalance the power of what they saw as media bias.[112][113] Despite sympathetic coverage in the media, initial versions of the McCain-Feingold Act were filibustered and never came to a vote.[114]

The term "maverick Republican" became a label frequently applied to McCain, and he has also used it himself.[112][115][116] In 1993, McCain opposed military operations in Somalia.[117] Another target of his was pork barrel spending by Congress, and he actively supported the Line Item Veto Act of 1996, which gave the president power to veto individual spending items[112] but was ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court in 1998.[118]

In the 1996 presidential election, McCain was again on the short list of possible vice-presidential picks, this time for Republican nominee Bob Dole.[119][101] The following year, Time magazine named McCain as one of the "25 Most Influential People in America".[120]

McCain's 1999 family memoir

In 1997, McCain became chairman of the powerful Senate Commerce Committee; he was criticized for accepting funds from corporations and businesses under the committee's purview, but in response said the small contributions he received were not part of the big-money nature of the campaign finance problem.[112] McCain took on the tobacco industry in 1998, proposing legislation that would increase cigarette taxes in order to fund anti-smoking campaigns, discourage teenage smokers, increase money for health research studies, and help states pay for smoking-related health care costs.[112][121] Supported by the Clinton administration but opposed by the industry and most Republicans, the bill failed to gain cloture.[121]

Start of third term in the U.S. Senate

McCain won re-election to a third senate term in November 1998, prevailing in a landslide over his Democratic opponent, environmental lawyer Ed Ranger.[112] In the February 1999 Senate trial in the impeachment of Bill Clinton, McCain voted to convict the president on both the perjury and obstruction of justice counts, saying Clinton had violated his sworn oath of office.[122] In March 1999, McCain voted to approve the NATO bombing campaign against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, saying that the ongoing genocide of the Kosovo War must be stopped and criticizing past Clinton administration inaction.[123] Later in 1999, McCain shared the Profile in Courage Award with Feingold for their work in trying to enact their campaign finance reform,[124] although the bill was still failing repeated attempts to gain cloture.[114]

In August 1999, McCain's memoir Faith of My Fathers, co-authored with Mark Salter, was published;[125] a reviewer observed that its appearance "seems to have been timed to the unfolding Presidential campaign."[126] The most successful of his writings, it received positive reviews,[127] became a bestseller,[128] and was later made into a TV film. The book traces McCain's family background and childhood, covers his time at Annapolis and his service before and during the Vietnam War, concluding with his release from captivity in 1973. According to one reviewer, it describes "the kind of challenges that most of us can barely imagine. It's a fascinating history of a remarkable military family."[129]

2000 presidential campaign

Main article: John McCain presidential campaign, 2000

McCain announced his candidacy for president on September 27, 1999 in Nashua, New Hampshire, saying he was staging "a fight to take our government back from the power brokers and special interests, and return it to the people and the noble cause of freedom it was created to serve".[130][125] The leader for the Republican nomination was Texas Governor George W. Bush, who had the political and financial support of most of the party establishment.[131]

McCain focused on the New Hampshire primary, where his message appealed to independents.[132] He traveled on a campaign bus called the Straight Talk Express.[125] He held many town hall meetings, answering every question voters asked, in a successful example of "retail politics", and he used free media to compensate for his lack of funds.[125] One reporter later recounted that, "McCain talked all day long with reporters on his Straight Talk Express bus; he talked so much that sometimes he said things that he shouldn't have, and that's why the media loved him."[133] On February 1, 2000, he won New Hampshire's primary with 49 percent of the vote to Bush's 30 percent. The Bush campaign and the Republican establishment feared that a McCain victory in the crucial South Carolina primary might give his campaign unstoppable momentum.[134][125]

The Arizona Republic would write that the McCain–Bush primary contest in South Carolina "has entered national political lore as a low-water mark in presidential campaigns", while The New York Times called it "a painful symbol of the brutality of American politics".[125][135][136] A variety of interest groups that McCain had challenged in the past ran negative ads.[125][137] Bush borrowed McCain's earlier language of reform,[138] and declined to dissociate himself from a veterans activist who accused McCain (in Bush's presence) of having "abandoned the veterans" on POW/MIA and Agent Orange issues.[125][139]

John McCain's Gallup Poll favorable/unfavorable ratings, 1999–2008[140]

Incensed,[139] McCain ran ads accusing Bush of lying and comparing the governor to Bill Clinton, which Bush said was "about as low a blow as you can give in a Republican primary".[125] An anonymous smear campaign began against McCain, delivered by push polls, faxes, e-mails, flyers, and audience plants.[125][141] The smears claimed that McCain had fathered a black child out of wedlock (the McCains' dark-skinned daughter was adopted from Bangladesh), that his wife Cindy was a drug addict, that he was a homosexual, and that he was a "Manchurian Candidate" who was either a traitor or mentally unstable from his North Vietnam POW days.[125][135] The Bush campaign strongly denied any involvement with the attacks.[135]

McCain lost South Carolina on February 19, with 42 percent of the vote to Bush's 53 percent,[142] in part because Bush mobilized the state's evangelical voters[125][143] and outspent McCain.[144] The win allowed Bush to regain lost momentum.[142] McCain would say of the rumor spreaders, "I believe that there is a special place in hell for people like those."[88] According to one report, the South Carolina experience left McCain in a "very dark place".[135]

McCain's campaign never completely recovered from his South Carolina defeat, although he did rebound partially by winning in Arizona and Michigan a few days later.[145] He made a speech in Virginia Beach that criticized Christian leaders, including Pat Robertson and Jerry Falwell, as divisive conservatives,[135] declaring "... we embrace the fine members of the religious conservative community. But that does not mean that we will pander to their self-appointed leaders."[146] McCain lost the Virginia primary on February 29,[147] and on March 7 lost nine of the thirteen primaries on Super Tuesday to Bush.[148] With little hope of overcoming Bush's delegate lead, McCain withdrew from the race on March 9, 2000.[149] He endorsed Bush two months later,[150] and made occasional appearances with the Texas governor during the general election campaign.[125]

Senate career after 2000

Main article: Senate career of John McCain, 2001–present

Remainder of third Senate term

McCain began 2001 by breaking with the new George W. Bush administration on a number of matters, including HMO reform, climate change, and gun legislation; McCain-Feingold was opposed by Bush as well.[151][114] In May 2001, McCain was one of only two Senate Republicans to vote against the Bush tax cuts.[151][152] Besides the differences with Bush on ideological grounds, there was considerable antagonism between the two remaining from the previous year's campaign.[153][154] Later, when Republican Senator Jim Jeffords became an Independent, throwing control of the Senate to the Democrats, McCain defended Jeffords against "self-appointed enforcers of party loyalty".[151] Indeed, there was speculation at the time, and in years since, about McCain himself leaving the Republican Party, but McCain has always adamantly denied that he ever considered doing so.[155][151][156] Beginning in 2001, McCain used political capital gained from his presidential run, as well as improved legislative skills and relationships with other members, to become one of the Senate's most influential members.[157]

McCain's Senate web site from 2003 to 2006 illustrated his concern about pork barrel spending.[112]

After the September 11, 2001 attacks, McCain supported Bush and the U.S.-led war in Afghanistan.[151][158] He and then-Democratic Senator Joe Lieberman wrote the legislation that created the 9/11 Commission,[159] while he and Democratic Senator Fritz Hollings co-sponsored the Aviation and Transportation Security Act that federalized airport security.[160]

In March 2002, McCain-Feingold passed in both Houses of Congress and was signed into law by President Bush.[114][151] Seven years in the making, it was McCain's greatest legislative achievement.[151][161]

Meanwhile, in discussions over proposed U.S. action against Iraq, McCain was a strong supporter of the Bush administration's position.[151] He stated that Iraq was "a clear and present danger to the United States of America", and voted accordingly for the Iraq War Resolution in October 2002.[151] He predicted that U.S. forces would be treated as liberators by a large number of the Iraqi people.[162] In May 2003, McCain voted against the second round of Bush tax cuts, saying it was unwise at a time of war.[152] By November 2003, after a trip to Iraq, he was publicly questioning Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld, saying that more U.S. troops were needed; the following year, McCain announced that he had lost confidence in Rumsfeld.[163][164]

In October 2003, McCain and Lieberman co-sponsored the Climate Stewardship Act that would have introduced a cap and trade system aimed at returning greenhouse gas emissions to 2000 levels; the bill was defeated with 55 votes to 43 in the Senate.[165] They reintroduced modified versions of the Act two additional times, most recently in January 2007 with the co-sponsorship of Barack Obama, among others.[166]

In the 2004 U.S. presidential election campaign, McCain was once again frequently mentioned for the vice-presidential slot, only this time as part of the Democratic ticket under nominee John Kerry.[167][168][169] McCain said that Kerry had never formally offered him the position and that he would not have accepted it if he had.[168][169][170] At the 2004 Republican National Convention, McCain supported Bush for re-election, praising Bush's management of the War on Terror since the September 11 attacks.[171] At the same time, the Senator defended Kerry's Vietnam war record.[172] By August 2004, McCain had the best favorable-to-unfavorable rating (55 percent to 19 percent) of any national politician;[171] he campaigned for Bush much more than he had four years previously, though the two remained situational allies rather than friends.[153]

McCain was also up for re-election as Senator in 2004. He defeated little-known Democratic schoolteacher Stuart Starky with his biggest margin of victory, garnering 77 percent of the vote.[173]

Start of fourth Senate term

Jsm2.ogg
Speaking on the Senate Floor against earmarking, February 2007

In May 2005, McCain led the so-called "Gang of 14" in the Senate, which established a compromise that preserved the ability of senators to filibuster judicial nominees, but only in "extraordinary circumstances".[174] The compromise took the steam out of the filibuster movement, but some Republicans remained disappointed that the compromise did not eliminate filibusters of judicial nominees in all circumstances.[175] McCain subsequently cast Supreme Court confirmation votes in favor of John Roberts and Samuel Alito, calling them "two of the finest justices ever appointed to the United States Supreme Court."[111]

Breaking from his 2001 and 2003 votes, McCain supported the Bush tax cut extension in May 2006, saying not to do so would amount to a tax increase.[152] Working with Democratic Senator Ted Kennedy, McCain was a strong proponent of comprehensive immigration reform, which would involve legalization, guest worker programs, and border enforcement components. The Secure America and Orderly Immigration Act was never voted on in 2005, while the Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act of 2006 passed the Senate in May 2006 but failed in the House.[164] In June 2007, President Bush, McCain, and others made the strongest push yet for such a bill, the Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act of 2007, but it aroused intense grassroots opposition among talk radio listeners and others, some of whom furiously characterized the proposal as an "amnesty" program,[176] and the bill twice failed to gain cloture in the Senate.[177]

By the mid-2000s, the increased Indian gaming that McCain had helped bring about was a $23 billion industry.[93] He was twice chairman of the Senate Indian Affairs Committee, in 1995–1997 and 2005–2007, and his Committee helped expose the Jack Abramoff Indian lobbying scandal.[178][179] By 2005 and 2006, McCain was pushing for amendments to the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act that would limit creation of off-reservation casinos,[93] as well as limiting the movement of tribes across state lines to build casinos.[180]

McCain in Baghdad with General David Petraeus, November 2007

Owing to his time as a POW, McCain has been recognized for his sensitivity to the detention and interrogation of detainees in the War on Terror. In October 2005, McCain introduced the McCain Detainee Amendment to the Defense Appropriations bill for 2005, and the Senate voted 90–9 to support the amendment.[181] It prohibits inhumane treatment of prisoners, including prisoners at Guantanamo Bay, by confining military interrogations to the techniques in the U.S. Army Field Manual on Interrogation. Although Bush had threatened to veto the bill if McCain's amendment was included,[182] the President announced in December 2005 that he accepted McCain's terms and would "make it clear to the world that this government does not torture and that we adhere to the international convention of torture, whether it be here at home or abroad".[183] This stance, among others, led to McCain being named by Time magazine in 2006 as one of America's 10 Best Senators.[184] McCain voted in February 2008 against a bill containing a ban on waterboarding,[185] which provision was later narrowly passed and vetoed by Bush. However, the bill in question contained other provisions to which McCain objected, and his spokesman stated: "This wasn't a vote on waterboarding. This was a vote on applying the standards of the [Army] field manual to CIA personnel."[185]

Meanwhile, McCain continued questioning the progress of the war in Iraq. In September 2005, he remarked upon Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Richard Myers' optimistic outlook on the war's progress: "Things have not gone as well as we had planned or expected, nor as we were told by you, General Myers."[186] In August 2006, he criticized the administration for continually understating the effectiveness of the insurgency: "We [have] not told the American people how tough and difficult this could be."[164] From the beginning, McCain strongly supported the Iraq troop surge of 2007.[187] The strategy's opponents labeled it "McCain's plan"[188] and University of Virginia political science professor Larry Sabato said, "McCain owns Iraq just as much as Bush does now."[164] The surge and the war were unpopular during most of the year, even within the Republican Party,[189] as McCain's presidential campaign was underway; faced with the consequences, McCain frequently responded, "I would much rather lose a campaign than a war."[190] In March 2008, McCain credited the surge strategy with reducing violence in Iraq, as he made his eighth trip to that country since the war began.[191]

2008 presidential campaign

Main article: John McCain presidential campaign, 2008
Formally announcing his run for President on April 25, 2007 in Portsmouth, New Hampshire

John McCain formally announced his intention to run for President of the United States on April 25, 2007 in Portsmouth, New Hampshire.[192] He stated that: "I'm not running for President to be somebody, but to do something; to do the hard but necessary things not the easy and needless things."[193]

McCain's oft-cited strengths as a presidential candidate for 2008 included national name recognition, sponsorship of major lobbying and campaign finance reform initiatives, his well-known military service and experience as a POW, his experience from the 2000 presidential campaign, and an expectation that he would capture Bush's top fundraisers.[194] During the 2006 election cycle, McCain had attended 346 events[56] and helped raise more than $10.5 million on behalf of Republican candidates. McCain also became more willing to ask business and industry for campaign contributions, while maintaining that such contributions would not affect any official decisions he would make.[195] Despite being considered the front-runner for the nomination by pundits as 2007 began,[196] McCain was in second place behind former Mayor of New York City Rudy Giuliani in national Republican polls as the year progressed.

McCain had fundraising problems in the first half of 2007, due in part to his support for the Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act of 2007, which was unpopular among the Republican base electorate.[197][198] Large-scale campaign staff downsizing took place in early July, but McCain said that he was not considering dropping out of the race.[198] Later that month, the candidate's campaign manager and campaign chief strategist both departed.[199] McCain slumped badly in national polls, often running third or fourth with 15 percent or less support.

On March 5, 2008, President Bush met with the McCains, endorsing the presumptive nominee.

The Arizona senator subsequently resumed his familiar position as a political underdog,[200] riding the Straight Talk Express and taking advantage of free media such as debates and sponsored events.[201] By December 2007, the Republican race was unsettled, with none of the top-tier candidates dominating the race and all of them possessing major vulnerabilities with different elements of the Republican base electorate.[202] McCain was showing a resurgence, in particular with renewed strength in New Hampshire – the scene of his 2000 triumph – and was bolstered further by the endorsements of The Boston Globe, the New Hampshire Union Leader, and almost two dozen other state newspapers,[203] as well as from Independent Democratic Senator Joe Lieberman.[204][205] McCain decided not to campaign significantly in the January 3, 2008, Iowa caucuses, which saw a win by former Governor of Arkansas Mike Huckabee.

McCain's comeback plan paid off when he won the New Hampshire primary on January 8, defeating former Governor of Massachusetts Mitt Romney in a close contest, to once again become one of the front-runners in the race.[206] In mid-January, McCain placed first in the South Carolina primary, narrowly defeating Mike Huckabee.[207] Pundits credited the third-place finisher, Tennessee's former U.S. Senator Fred Thompson, with drawing votes from Huckabee in South Carolina, thereby giving a narrow win to McCain.[208] A week later, McCain won the Florida primary,[209] beating Romney again in a close contest; Giuliani then dropped out and endorsed McCain.[210]

On February 5, McCain won both the majority of states and delegates in the Super Tuesday Republican primaries, giving him a commanding lead toward the Republican nomination. Romney departed from the race on February 7.[211] McCain's wins in the March 4 primaries clinched a majority of the delegates, and he became the presumptive Republican nominee.[212]

McCain, having been born in the (Panama) Canal Zone, if elected would have become the first president who was born outside the current 50 states. This raised a potential legal issue, since the United States Constitution requires the president to be a natural-born citizen of the United States. A bipartisan legal review[213] and a unanimous but non-binding Senate resolution[214] both concluded that he is a natural-born citizen. Also, if inaugurated in 2009 at age 72 years and 144 days, he would have been the oldest U.S. president upon ascension to the presidency,[215] and the second-oldest president to be inaugurated.[216]

Waiting to make policy proposals in Denver speech on May 27, 2008

McCain has addressed concerns about his age and past health concerns, stating in 2005 that his health was "excellent".[217] He has been treated for a type of skin cancer called melanoma, and an operation in 2000 for that condition left a noticeable mark on the left side of his face.[218] McCain's prognosis appears favorable, according to independent experts, especially because he has already survived without a recurrence for more than seven years.[218] In May 2008, McCain's campaign briefly let the press review his medical records, and he was described as appearing cancer-free, having a strong heart and in general good health.[219]

Upon clinching enough delegates for the nomination, McCain's focus shifted toward the general election, while Barack Obama and Hillary Rodham Clinton fought a prolonged battle for the Democratic nomination.[220] McCain introduced various policy proposals, and sought to improve his fundraising.[221][222] Cindy McCain, who accounts for most of the couple's wealth with an estimated net worth of $100 million,[66] made part of her tax returns public in May.[223] After facing criticism about lobbyists on staff, the McCain campaign issued new rules in May 2008 to avoid conflicts of interest, causing five top aides to leave.[224][225]

The Palins and McCains campaigning in Fairfax, Virginia, following the 2008 Republican National Convention on September 10

When Obama became the Democrats' presumptive nominee in early June, McCain proposed joint town hall meetings, but Obama instead requested more traditional debates for the fall.[226] In July, a staff shake-up put Steve Schmidt in full operational control of the McCain campaign.[227] Throughout these summer months, Obama typically led McCain in national polls by single-digit margins,[228] and also led in several key swing states.[229] McCain reprised his familiar underdog role, which was due at least in part to the overall challenges Republicans faced in the election year.[229][200] McCain accepted public financing for the general election campaign, and the restrictions that go with it, while criticizing his Democratic opponent for becoming the first major party candidate to opt out of such financing for the general election since the system was implemented in 1976.[230][231] The Republican's broad campaign theme focused on his experience and ability to lead, compared to Obama's.[232]

Alaska Governor Sarah Palin was revealed as McCain's surprise choice for running mate on August 29, 2008.[233] McCain was only the second U.S. major-party presidential nominee to select a woman for running mate and the first Republican to do so; Palin would have become the first female Vice President of the United States if she had been elected. On September 3, 2008, McCain and Palin became the Republican Party's Presidential and Vice Presidential nominees, respectively, at the 2008 Republican National Convention in Saint Paul, Minnesota. McCain surged ahead of Obama in national polls following the convention, as the Palin pick energized core Republican voters who had previously been wary of him.[234] However, by the campaign's own later admission, the rollout of Palin to the national media went poorly,[235] and voter reactions to Palin grew increasingly negative, especially among independents and other voters concerned about her qualifications.[236]

On September 24, McCain said he was suspending his campaign, called on Obama to join him, and proposed delaying the first of the general election debates with Obama, in order to work on the proposed U.S. financial system bailout before Congress, which was targeted at addressing the subprime mortgage crisis and liquidity crisis.[237][238] McCain's intervention helped to give dissatisfied House Republicans an opportunity to propose changes to the plan that was otherwise close to agreement.[239][240] After Obama declined McCain's suspension suggestion, McCain went ahead with the debate on September 26.[241] On October 1, McCain voted in favor of a revised $700 billion rescue plan.[242] Another debate was held on October 7; like the first one, polls afterward suggested that Obama had won it.[243] A final presidential debate occurred on October 15.[244] During and after it, McCain compared Obama's proposed policies to socialism and often invoked "Joe the Plumber" as a symbol of American small business dreams that would be thwarted by an Obama presidency.[245][246] McCain barred using the Jeremiah Wright controversy in ads against Obama,[247] but the campaign did frequently criticize Obama regarding his purported relationship with Bill Ayers.[248] Down the stretch, McCain was outspent by Obama by a four-to-one margin.[249]

The election took place on November 4, and Barack Obama was projected the winner at about 11:00 pm Eastern Standard Time; McCain delivered his concession speech in Phoenix, Arizona about twenty minutes later.[250] In the end, McCain won 173 electoral college votes to Obama's 365;[251] McCain failed to win most of the battleground states and lost some traditionally Republican ones.[252] McCain gained 46 percent of the nationwide popular vote, compared to Obama's 53 percent.[252]

Senate career after 2008

Remainder of fourth Senate term

Following his defeat, McCain returned to the Senate amid varying views about what role he might play there.[253] In mid-November 2008 he met with President-elect Obama, and the two discussed issues they had commonality on.[254] Around the same time, McCain indicated that he intended to run for re-election to his Senate seat in 2010.[255] As the inauguration neared, Obama consulted with McCain on a variety of matters, to an extent rarely seen between a president-elect and his defeated rival,[256] and President Obama's inauguration speech contained an allusion to McCain's theme of finding a purpose greater than oneself.[257] Nevertheless, McCain emerged as a leader of the Republican opposition to the Obama economic stimulus package of 2009, saying it had too much spending for too little stimulative effect.[258]

Political positions

Main articles: Political positions of John McCain and Comparison of United States presidential candidates, 2008
McCain's congressional voting scores, from the American Conservative Union (pink line; 100 is most conservative) and Americans for Democratic Action (blue line; 100 is most liberal)[259]

Various interest groups have given Senator McCain scores or grades as to how well his votes align with the positions of each group.[260] The American Conservative Union awarded McCain a lifetime rating of 81 percent through 2008, while McCain has an average lifetime 13 percent "Liberal Quotient" from Americans for Democratic Action through 2008.[261][262]

The Almanac of American Politics rates congressional votes as liberal or conservative on the political spectrum, in three policy areas: economic, social, and foreign. For 2005–2006, McCain's average ratings were as follows: the economic rating 59 percent conservative and 41 percent liberal, the social rating 54 percent conservative / 38 percent liberal, and the foreign rating 56 percent conservative / 43 percent liberal.[263]

Columnists such as Robert Robb and Matthew Continetti have used a formulation devised by William F. Buckley, Jr. to describe McCain as "conservative" but not "a conservative", meaning that while McCain usually tends towards conservative positions, he is not "anchored by the philosophical tenets of modern American conservatism."[264][265]

From the late 1990s until 2008, McCain was a board member of Project Vote Smart (PVS) which was set up by Richard Kimball, his 1986 Senate opponent.[266] PVS provides non-partisan information about the political positions of McCain[267] and other candidates for political office. Additionally, McCain uses his Senate web site to describe his political positions.[268]

Cultural and political image

Main article: Cultural and political image of John McCain

John McCain's personal character has been a dominant feature of his public image.[269] This image includes the military service of both himself and his family,[270] his maverick political persona,[112] his temper,[271] his admitted problem of occasional ill-considered remarks,[89] and his close ties to his children from both his marriages.[22]

McCain's political appeal has been more nonpartisan and less ideological compared to many other national politicians.[272] His stature and reputation stem partly from his service in the Vietnam War.[273] He also carries physical vestiges of his war wounds, as well as his melanoma surgery.[274] When campaigning, he quips: "I am older than dirt and have more scars than Frankenstein."[275]

Speaking in Albuquerque, New Mexico on Memorial Day, 2008, wearing his purple heart

In his own estimation, the Arizona senator is straightforward and direct, but impatient.[276] Other traits include a penchant for lucky charms,[277] a fondness for hiking,[278] and a sense of humor that has sometimes backfired spectacularly, as when he made a joke in 1998 about the Clintons widely deemed not fit to print in newspapers: "Do you know why Chelsea Clinton is so ugly? — Because Janet Reno is her father."[279][280] McCain subsequently apologized profusely,[281] and the Clinton White House accepted his apology.[282] McCain has not shied away from addressing his shortcomings, and apologizing for them.[89][283] He is known for sometimes being prickly[284] and hot-tempered[285] with Senate colleagues, but his relations with his own Senate staff have been more cordial, and have inspired loyalty towards him.[286][287]

McCain acknowledges having said intemperate things in years past,[288] though he also says that many stories have been exaggerated.[289] One psychoanalytic comparison suggests that McCain would not be the first U.S. leader to have a temper,[290] and cultural critic Julia Keller argues that voters want leaders who are passionate, engaged, fiery, and feisty.[271] McCain has employed both profanity[291] and shouting on occasion, although such incidents have become less frequent over the years.[292][293] Senator Joe Lieberman has made this observation: "It is not the kind of anger that is a loss of control. He is a very controlled person."[292] Senator Thad Cochran, who has known McCain for decades and has battled him over earmarks,[294][295] has expressed concern about a McCain presidency: "He is erratic. He is hotheaded. He loses his temper and he worries me."[292] Ultimately Cochran decided to support McCain for president, after it was clear he would win the nomination.[296]

All of John McCain's family members are on good terms with him,[22] and he has defended them against some of the negative consequences of his high-profile political lifestyle.[297][298] His family's military tradition extends to the latest generation: son John Sidney IV ("Jack") is enrolled in the U.S. Naval Academy, son James has served with the Marines in Iraq, and son Doug flew jets in the Navy.[299][22]

Writings by McCain

Books

Articles and forewords

References

  1. ^ McCain was christened and raised Episcopalian. See Nichols, Hans. "McCain Keeps His Faith to Himself, at Church and in Campaign", Bloomberg (2008-04-25). He now identifies as a Baptist, although he has not been baptized as an adult, and is not an official member of the church he attends. See Warner, Greg. "McCain’s faith: Pastor describes senator as devout, but low-key", Associated Baptist Press (2008-04-08). Retrieved 2008-09-06. Also see Hornick, Ed. "McCain and Obama cite moral failures", CNN, (2008-08-16): "McCain, who was raised an Episcopalian and now identifies himself as Baptist, rarely discusses his faith." Retrieved 2008-08-16. Also see Reston, Maeve and Mehta, Seema. "Barack Obama and John McCain to Meet at Saddleback Church", Los Angeles Times, (2008-08-16): "McCain [is] an Episcopalian who attends a Baptist church in Phoenix..." Retrieved 2008-08-16.
  2. ^ a b Timberg, American Odyssey, 17–34 (subscription only link).
  3. ^ Morison, Samuel Eliot. The Two-Ocean War: A Short History of the United States Navy in the Second World War (Naval Institute Press 2007), 119.
  4. ^ Roberts, Gary. "On the Ancestry, Royal Descent, and English and American Notable Kin of Senator John Sidney McCain IV", New England Historic Genealogical Society (2008-04-01). Retrieved 2008-05-19.
  5. ^ a b c Nowicki, Dan & Muller, Bill. "John McCain Report: At the Naval Academy", The Arizona Republic (2007-03-01). Retrieved 2007-11-10. According to the The Arizona Republic, "'McCain: The life story of Arizona's maverick senator' as written by reporter Bill Muller originally appeared in The Arizona Republic and on azcentral.com on October 3, 1999. Reporter Dan Nowicki updated and revised the biography with additional material in January 2007." See "How the biography was put together", The Arizona Republic (2007-03-01). Retrieved 2008-06-18. Regarding McCain's time at the Naval Academy, "McCain's grades were good in the subjects he enjoyed, such as literature and history. Gamboa said McCain would rather read a history book than do his math homework. He did just enough to pass the classes he didn't find stimulating. 'He stood low in his class,' Gamboa said. 'But that was by choice, not design.'"
  6. ^ Alexander, Man of the People, 19.
  7. ^ a b Woodward, Calvin. "McCain's WMD Is A Mouth That Won't Quit", Associated Press via USA Today (2007-11-04). Retrieved 2007-11-10.
  8. ^ Alexander, Man of the People, 22.
  9. ^ Alexander, Man of the People, 28. See also: Arundel, John. "Episcopal fetes a favorite son", Alexandria Times (2007-12-06). Retrieved 2007-12-07.
  10. ^ a b c Timberg, Nightingale's Song, Chapter 1, 31–35
  11. ^ Bailey, Holly. "John McCain: 'I Learned How to Take Hard Blows'", Newsweek (2007-05-14). Retrieved 2007-12-19.
  12. ^ Alexander, Man of the People, 207. McCain scored 128 and then 133 on IQ tests.
  13. ^ McCain, Faith of My Fathers, 134.
  14. ^ Alexander, Man of the People, 32.
  15. ^ McCain, Faith of My Fathers, 156.
  16. ^ a b Feinberg, Barbara. John McCain: Serving His Country, 18 (Millbrook Press 2000). ISBN 0-7613-1974-3.
  17. ^ a b c Timberg, American Odyssey, 66–68.
  18. ^ a b c Vartabedian, Ralph and Serrano, Richard A. "Mishaps mark John McCain's record as naval aviator", Los Angeles Times (2008-10-06). Retrieved 2008-10-06.
  19. ^ a b c "John McCain", Iowa Caucuses '08, The Des Moines Register. Retrieved 2007-11-08.
  20. ^ a b Alexander, Man of the People, 92.
  21. ^ Alexander, Man of the People, 33.
  22. ^ a b c d e Steinhauer, Jennifer. "Bridging 4 Decades, a Large, Close-Knit Brood", The New York Times (2007-12-27). Retrieved 2007-12-27.
  23. ^ McCain, Faith of My Fathers, 167–168.
  24. ^ McCain, Faith of My Fathers, 172–173.
  25. ^ a b McCain, Faith of My Fathers, 185–186.
  26. ^ Karaagac, John. John McCain: An Essay in Military and Political History, 81–82 (Lexington Books 2000). ISBN 0-7391-0171-4.
  27. ^ Weinraub, Bernard. "Start of Tragedy: Pilot Hears a Blast As He Checks Plane", The New York Times (1967-07-31). Retrieved 2008-03-28.
  28. ^ Timberg, American Odyssey, 72–74.
  29. ^ McCain, Faith of My Fathers, 177–179.
  30. ^ US Navy Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships – Forrestal. States either Aircraft No. 405 piloted by LCDR Fred D. White or No. 416 piloted by LCDR John McCain was struck by the Zuni.
  31. ^ Timberg, American Odyssey, 75.
  32. ^ a b c Kuhnhenn, Jim. "Navy releases McCain's military record", Associated Press via The Boston Globe (2008-05-07). Retrieved 2008-05-25.
  33. ^ a b c d e f g h i Nowicki, Dan & Muller, Bill. "John McCain Report: Prisoner of War", The Arizona Republic (2007-03-01). Retrieved 2007-11-10.
  34. ^ a b Hubbell, P.O.W., 363.
  35. ^ Dobbs, Michael. “In Ordeal as Captive, Character Was Shaped”, Washington Post (2008-10-05)
  36. ^ "John McCain (center) being captured by Vietnamese civilians in Truc Bach Lake near Hanoi Vietnam", Library of Congress (2004-05-26). Retrieved 2007-12-28.
  37. ^ Hubbell, P.O.W., 364.
  38. ^ Apple Jr., R. W. "Adm. McCain's son, Forrestal Survivor, Is Missing in Raid", The New York Times (1967-10-28). Retrieved 2007-11-11.
  39. ^ "Admiral's Son Captured in Hanoi Raid", Associated Press via The Washington Post (1967-10-28). Retrieved 2008-02-09 (fee required for full text).
  40. ^ Timberg, American Odyssey, 83.
  41. ^ Alexander, Man of the People, 54.
  42. ^ Timberg, American Odyssey, 89.
  43. ^ a b Hubbell, P.O.W., 450–451.
  44. ^ Rochester and Kiley, Honor Bound, 363.
  45. ^ a b Hubbell, P.O.W., 452–454.
  46. ^ Timberg, American Odyssey, 95, 118.
  47. ^ a b McCain, John. "How the POW's Fought Back", U.S. News & World Report (1973-05-14), reposted in 2008 under title "John McCain, Prisoner of War: A First-Person Account". Retrieved 2008-01-29. Reprinted in Reporting Vietnam, Part Two: American Journalism 1969–1975, The Library of America, 434–463 (1998). ISBN 1-883011-59-0.
  48. ^ Hubbell, P.O.W., 288–306.
  49. ^ Hubbell, P.O.W., 548–549.
  50. ^ Alexander, Man of the People, 60.
  51. ^ Alexander, Man of the People, 64.
  52. ^ Rochester and Kiley, Honor Bound, 489–491.
  53. ^ Rochester and Kiley, Honor Bound, 510, 537.
  54. ^ Timberg, American Odyssey, 106–107.
  55. ^ Sterba, James. "P.O.W. Commander Among 108 Freed", The New York Times (1973-03-15). Retrieved 2008-03-28.
  56. ^ a b Purdum, Todd. "Prisoner of Conscience", Vanity Fair, February 2007. Retrieved 2008-01-19.
  57. ^ a b c d Nowicki, Dan and Muller, Bill. "John McCain Report: Back in the USA", The Arizona Republic (2007-03-01). Retrieved 2007-11-10.
  58. ^ a b c d e Kristof, Nicholas. "P.O.W. to Power Broker, A Chapter Most Telling", The New York Times (2000-02-27). Retrieved 2007-04-22.
  59. ^ Alexander, Man of the People, 81.
  60. ^ a b Dictionary of American Naval Aviation Squadrons, Volume 1, Naval Historical Center. Retrieved 2008-05-19.
  61. ^ Vartabedian, Ralph. "McCain has long relied on his grit", Los Angeles Times (2008-04-14). Retrieved 2008-09-02.
  62. ^ Timberg, American Odyssey, 123–124.
  63. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Nowicki, Dan and Muller, Bill. "John McCain Report: Arizona, the early years", The Arizona Republic (2007-03-01). Regarding his first marriage, McCain said that he "had not shown the same determination to rebuild (his) personal life" as he had shown in his military career, and that "marriages can be hard to recover after great time and distance have separated a husband and wife. We are different people when we reunite... But my marriage's collapse was attributable to my own selfishness and immaturity more than it was to Vietnam, and I cannot escape blame by pointing a finger at the war. The blame was entirely mine." Retrieved 2007-11-21.
  64. ^ a b c d Frantz, Douglas, "The 2000 Campaign: The Arizona Ties; A Beer Baron and a Powerful Publisher Put McCain on a Political Path", The New York Times, A14 (2000-02-21). Retrieved 2006-11-29.
  65. ^ Timberg, American Odyssey, 132–134.
  66. ^ a b "McCain Releases His Tax Returns", Associated Press for CBS News (2008-04-18). Retrieved 2008-04-24.
  67. ^ Timberg, American Odyssey, 135.
  68. ^ Kirkpatrick, David. "Senate's Power and Allure Drew McCain From Military ", The New York Times (2008-05-29). Retrieved 2008-05-29.
  69. ^ Leahy, Michael. "Seeing White House From a Cell in Hanoi", The Washington Post (2008-10-13). Retrieved 2008-10-17.
  70. ^ Alexander, Man of the People, 93.
  71. ^ Vartabedian, Ralph. "John McCain gets tax-free disability pension", Los Angeles Times (2008-04-22).
  72. ^ Gilbertson, Dawn. "McCain, his wealth tied to wife's family beer business", The Arizona Republic (2007-01-23). Retrieved 2008-05-10.
  73. ^ Timberg, American Odyssey, 139.
  74. ^ Symington would become Governor of Arizona in 1991.
  75. ^ Thornton, Mary. "Arizona 1st District John McCain", The Washington Post (1982-12-16). Retrieved 2008-05-10.
  76. ^ Timberg, American Odyssey, 143–144.
  77. ^ "McCain, Clinton Head to Memphis for MLK Anniversary", Washington Wire (blog), The Wall Street Journal (2008-04-03). Retrieved 2008-04-17.
  78. ^ "McCain Remarks on Dr. King and Civil Rights", The Washington Post (2008-04-04): "We can be slow as well to give greatness its due, a mistake I made myself long ago when I voted against a federal holiday in memory of Dr. King. I was wrong and eventually realized that, in time to give full support for a state holiday in Arizona." Retrieved 2008-05-10.
  79. ^ a b Alexander, Man of the People, 98–99, 104.
  80. ^ Alexander, Man of the People, 100.
  81. ^ Alexander, Man of the People, 100–101.
  82. ^ Tapper, Jake. "McCain returns to the past", Salon (2000-04-27). Retrieved 2007-11-21.
  83. ^ Reinhard, Beth. "Blog: McCain met with Pinochet", Naked Politics, Miami Herald (2008-10-24). Retrieved 2008-11-01.
  84. ^ Dinges, John. "CIPER Chile » Blog Archive » La desconocida cita entre John McCain y Pinochet", Centro de Investigación e Información Periodística (2008-10-24). Retrieved 2008-10-24. This source is in the Spanish language.
  85. ^ "Revelan inédita cita entre McCain y Pinochet en 1985", Los Tiempos (2008-10-25). Retrieved 2008-10-25. This source is in the Spanish language.
  86. ^ "John McCain", The New York Times website. Retrieved 2008-10-08.
  87. ^ Alexander, Man of the People, 147.
  88. ^ a b Strong, Morgan. "Senator John McCain talks about the challenges of fatherhood", Dadmag.com (2000-06-04). Retrieved 2007-12-19.
  89. ^ a b c d e f Nowicki, Dan and Muller, Bill. "John McCain Report: The Senate calls", The Arizona Republic (2007-03-01). Retrieved 2007-11-23.
  90. ^ Barone, Michael; Ujifusa, Grant; Cohen, Richard E. The Almanac of American Politics, 2000 (National Journal 1999), 112. ISBN 0-8129-3194-7.
  91. ^ Becker, Jo; Van Natta, Dan (September 27, 2008). "For McCain and Team, a Host of Ties to Gambling". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/28/us/politics/28gambling-web.html. Retrieved on 2008-09-29. 
  92. ^ Johnson, Tadd. "Regulatory Issues and Impacts of Gaming in Indian Country", Increasing Understanding of Public Problems and Policies: Proceedings of the 1998 National Public Policy Education Conference, 140–144 (September 1998).
  93. ^ a b c Sweeney, James. "New rules on Indian gaming face longer odds", The San Diego Union-Tribune (2006-09-11). Retrieved 2008-07-01.
  94. ^ Mason, W. Dale. Indian Gaming: Tribal Sovereignty and American Politics (University of Oklahoma Press 2000), 60–64. ISBN 0-806-13260-4.
  95. ^ Alexander, Man of the People, 112.
  96. ^ Alexander, Man of the People, 115–120.
  97. ^ a b c Abramson, Jill; Mitchell, Alison. "Senate Inquiry In Keating Case Tested McCain", The New York Times (1999-11-21). Retrieved 2008-05-10.
  98. ^ a b "Excerpts of Statement By Senate Ethics Panel", The New York Times (1991-02-28). Retrieved 2008-04-19.
  99. ^ Rasky, Susan. "To Senator McCain, the Savings and Loan Affair Is Now a Personal Demon", The New York Times (1989-12-22). Retrieved 2008-04-19.
  100. ^ a b Nowicki, Dan and Muller, Bill. "John McCain Report: The Keating Five", The Arizona Republic (2007-03-01). Retrieval date 2007-11-23.
  101. ^ a b Nowicki, Dan and Muller, Bill. "John McCain Report: Overcoming scandal, moving on", The Arizona Republic (2007-03-01). Retrieved 2007-11-23.
  102. ^ Alexander, Man of the People, 150–151.
  103. ^ a b Dan Balz, "McCain Weighs Options Amid Setbacks", The Washington Post (1998-07-05) Retrieved 2008-05-10.
  104. ^ Alexander, Man of the People, 152–154.
  105. ^ Report of the Select Committee on POW/MIA Affairs, U.S. Senate (1993-01-13). Retrieved 2008-01-03.
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  121. ^ a b Alexander, Man of the People, 184–187.
  122. ^ Timberg, American Odyssey, 194–195.
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  139. ^ a b Alexander, Man of the People, 250–251.
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  141. ^ Alexander, Man of the People, 263–266.
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  149. ^ McCaleb, Ian Christopher. "Bradley, McCain bow out of party races", CNN (2000-03-09). Retrieved 2007-12-30.
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  158. ^ McCain, John. "No Substitute for Victory: War is hell. Let's get on with it", The Wall Street Journal (2001-10-26). Retrieved 2008-01-17.
  159. ^ "Senate bill would implement 9/11 panel proposals", CNN (2004-09-08). Retrieved 2008-01-17.
  160. ^ "Senate Approves Aviation Security, Anti-Terrorism Bills", Online NewsHour, PBS (2001-10-12). Retrieved 2008-01-17.
  161. ^ Alexander, Man of the People, 168.
  162. ^ "Sen. McCain's Interview With Chris Matthews", Hardball with Chris Matthews, MSNBC (2003-03-12). Via McCain's Senate web site and archive.org. Retrieved 2008-04-07.
  163. ^ "Newsmaker: Sen. McCain", PBS, NewsHour (2003-11-06). Retrieved 2008-01-17.
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  166. ^ "Lieberman, McCain Reintroduce Climate Stewardship and Innovation Act", Lieberman Senate web site (2007-01-12). Retrieved 2008-04-24.
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  168. ^ a b Halbfinger, David. "McCain Is Said To Tell Kerry He Won't Join", The New York Times (2004-06-12). Retrieved 2008-01-03.
  169. ^ a b Balz, Dan and VandeHei, Jim. "McCain's Resistance Doesn't Stop Talk of Kerry Dream Ticket", The Washington Post (2004-06-12). Retrieved 2008-01-18.
  170. ^ "Kerry wants to boost child-care credit", Associated Press via MSNBC (2004-06-16). Retrieved 2008-03-08.
  171. ^ a b Loughlin, Sean. "McCain praises Bush as 'tested'", CNN (2004-08-30). Retrieved 2007-11-14.
  172. ^ Coile, Zachary. "Vets group attacks Kerry; McCain defends Democrat", San Francisco Chronicle (2004-08-06). Retrieved 2006-08-15.
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  174. ^ "Senators compromise on filibusters; Bipartisan group agrees to vote to end debate on 3 nominees", CNN (2005-05-24). Retrieved 2008-03-16.
  175. ^ Hulse, Carl. "Distrust of McCain Lingers Over '05 Deal on Judges", The New York Times (2008-02-25). Retrieved 2008-03-16.
  176. ^ Preston, Julia. "Grass Roots Roared and Immigration Plan Collapsed", The New York Times (2007-07-10). Retrieved 2008-07-27.
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  178. ^ Schmidt, Susan; Grimaldi, James. "Panel Says Abramoff Laundered Tribal Funds; McCain Cites Possible Fraud by Lobbyist", The Washington Post (2005-06-23). Retrieved 2008-05-10.
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  182. ^ "Senate ignores veto threat in limiting detainee treatment", CNN (2005-10-06). Retrieved 2008-01-02.
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  185. ^ a b Eggen, Dan and Shear, Michael. "Vote Against Waterboarding Bill Called Consistent", The Washington Post (2008-02-16): "[T]he aide said, there are noncoercive interrogation techniques not used by the Army that could be useful to the CIA." Retrieved 2008-06-09.
  186. ^ Ricks, Thomas. Fiasco: The American Military Adventure in Iraq 412 (Penguin Press 2006). ISBN 1-59420-103-X.
  187. ^ Baldor, Lolita. "McCain Defends Bush's Iraq Strategy", Associated Press via CBS News (2007-01-12). Retrieved 2007-01-13.
  188. ^ Giroux, Greg. "'Move On' Takes Aim at McCain's Iraq Stance", The New York Times (2007-01-17). Retrieved 2008-01-18.
  189. ^ Carney, James. "The Resurrection of John McCain", Time (2008-01-23). Retrieved 2008-02-01.
  190. ^ Crawford, Jamie. "Iraq won't change McCain", CNN (2007-07-28). Retrieved 2008-01-18.
  191. ^ "McCain arrives in Baghdad", CNN (2008-03-16). Retrieved 2008-03-16.
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  193. ^ "Remarks as Prepared for Delivery: Senator McCain's Announcement Speech", USA Today (2007-04-25). Retrieved 2008-05-18.
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  203. ^ Sinderbrand, Rebecca. "McCain, Clinton win Concord Monitor endorsements", CNN (2007-12-29). Retrieved 2007-12-29.
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  205. ^ Lieberman, Joseph. "Joe Lieberman: McCain for President", New York Post (2008-02-03): "Joe Lieberman is an independent Democratic senator from Connecticut." Retrieved 2008-06-26.
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  207. ^ Jones, Tim et al. "Moderates flock to McCain in S.C.; 2nd-place finish deals blow for Huckabee", Chicago Tribune (2008-01-20). Retrieved 2008-11-02.
  208. ^ "Thompson Quits US Presidential Race", Reuters (2008-01-22). Retrieved 2008-06-02.
  209. ^ "McCain wins Florida, Giuliani expected to drop out", CNN (2008-01-29). Retrieved 2008-01-29.
  210. ^ Holland, Steve. "Giuliani, Edwards quit White House Race", Reuters (2008-01-30). Retrieved 2008-01-30.
  211. ^ Sidoti, Liz. "Romney Suspends Presidential Campaign", Associated Press via Breitbart.com (2008-02-07). Retrieved 2008-05-19.
  212. ^ "McCain wins key primaries, CNN projects; McCain clinches nod", CNN (2008-03-04). Retrieved 2008-03-04.
  213. ^ "Lawyers Conclude McCain Is "Natural Born", Associated Press via CBS News (2008-03-28). Retrieved 2008-05-23.
  214. ^ Dobbs, Michael. "McCain's Birth Abroad Stirs Legal Debate", The Washington Post (2008-05-02). Retrieved 2008-10-24.
  215. ^ Bash, Dana. "With McCain, 72 is the new... 69?", CNN (2006-09-04). Retrieved 2008-05-10.
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  218. ^ a b Altman, Lawrence. "On the Campaign Trail, Few Mentions of McCain's Bout With Melanoma", The New York Times (2008-03-09). Retrieved 2008-05-10.
  219. ^ "Medical records show McCain is in good health" International Herald Tribune (2008-05-23). Retrieved on 2008-05-23.
  220. ^ Page, Susan. "McCain runs strong as Democrats battle on" USA Today (2008-04-28). Retrieved 2008-05-10.
  221. ^ "McCain tells his story to voters" CNN (2008-03-31). Retrieved 2008-05-10.
  222. ^ Luo, Michael and Palmer, Griff. "McCain Faces Test in Wooing Elite Donors", The New York Times (2008-03-31). Retrieved 2008-05-10.
  223. ^ Kuhnhenn, Jim. "Cindy McCain had $6 million income in 2006", Associated Press via ABC News (2008-05-23). Retrieved 2008-05-24.
  224. ^ Shear, Michael. "A Fifth Top Aide To McCain Resigns", The Washington Post (2008-05-19). Retrieved 2008-06-04.
  225. ^ Kammer, Jerry. "Lobbyists on John McCain's Team Facing Some New Rules", The Arizona Republic (2008-05-26). Retrieved 2008-06-04.
  226. ^ Pickler, Nedra. "McCain, Obama fail to agree on town halls", Associated Press via ABC News (2008-06-13). Retrieved 2008-06-16.
  227. ^ Balz, Dan and Shear, Michael D. "McCain Puts New Strategist Atop Campaign", The Washington Post (2008-07-03). Retrieved 2008-08-11.
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  230. ^ Wayne, Leslie. "McCain Raised $27 Million in July", The New York Times (2008-08-15). Retrieved 2008-08-16.
  231. ^ Barr, Andy. "Obama passes 2 million donors", The Hill (2008-08-14). Retrieved 2008-08-16.
  232. ^ Kuhnhenn, Jim. "Analysis: McCain tries to sow doubts about Obama", Associated Press for USA Today (2008-07-31). Retrieved 2008-08-11.
  233. ^ "McCain taps Alaska Gov. Palin as vice president pick" , CNN (2008-08-29). Retrieved 2008-08-29.
  234. ^ Berman, Russell. "McCain-Palin Surging in the Polls", The New York Sun (2008-09-09). Retrieved 2008-12-31.
  235. ^ Nagourney, Adam. "In Election’s Wake, Campaigns Offer a Peek at What Really Happened", The New York Times (2008-12-09). Retrieved 2008-12-31.
  236. ^ Cohen, Jon and Agiesta, Jennifer. "Perceptions of Palin Grow Increasingly Negative, Poll Says", The Washington Post (2008-10-25). Retrieved 2008-12-31.
  237. ^ Fouhy, Beth. "Obama rejects McCain's call to delay debate", Associated Press for The Times-Tribune (Scranton) (2008-09-24). Retrieved 2008-09-24.
  238. ^ "John McCain Statement: 'Suspending' His Campaign", ABC News (2008-09-24).
  239. ^ Weisman, Jonathan. "How McCain Stirred a Simmering Pot", The Washington Post (2008-09-27). Retrieved 2008-09-27. "In truth, McCain's dramatic announcement Wednesday that he would suspend his campaign and come to Washington for the bailout talks had wide repercussions."
  240. ^ Stolberg, Cheryl Gay and Bumiller, Elisabeth. "A Balancing Act as McCain Faces a Divided Party and a Skeptical Public", The New York Times (2008-09-26). Retrieved 2008-09-27. “His greatest contribution,” Mr. Bachus said, “was returning to Washington and standing up for Republicans who were refusing to be stampeded.”
  241. ^ "McCain To Attend Debate, Resume Campaign", RTTNews (2008-09-26). Retrieved 2008-09-26.
  242. ^ "Senate Passes Economic Rescue Package", NY1 News (2008-10-01). Retrieved 2008-10-02.
  243. ^ Steinhauser, Paul. "Obama picks up second debate win, poll says", CNN (2008-10-08). Retrieved 2008-10-12.
  244. ^ Daniel, Douglass. "Obama backs away from McCain's debate challenge", Associated Press via Houston Chronicle (2008-08-02). Retrieved 2008-08-11).
  245. ^ Drogin, Bob and Barabak, Mark Z. "John McCain compares Barack Obama's policies to socialism", Los Angeles Times (2008-10-18). Retrieved 2008-12-31.
  246. ^ Bumiller, Elisabeth. "In Ohio, McCain Is Everywhere Even if Joe the Plumber Isn’t", The New York Times (2008-10-30). Retrieved 2008-12-31.
  247. ^ Smith, Ben. "McCain pollster: Wright wouldn't have worked", The Politico (2008-12-11). Retrieved 2008-12-30.
  248. ^ Johnson, Alex. "McCain hammers Obama on Ayers ties", MSNBC (2008-10-23). Retrieved 2009-01-01.
  249. ^ Rutenberg, Jim. "Nearing Record, Obama’s Ad Effort Swamps McCain", The New York Times (2008-10-17). Retrieved 2008-12-30.
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  252. ^ a b "President – Election Center 2008", CNN. Retrieved 2008-11-19.
  253. ^ Mooney, Alexander. "McCain may face bumpy shift from White House run", CNN (2008-11-18). Retrieved 2008-11-21.
  254. ^ Tapper, Jake. "Obama, McCain Meet While Bill Speaks About Hillary", ABC News (2008-11-17). Retrieved 2008-11-21.
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  256. ^ Kirkpatrick, David D. "Obama Reaches Out for McCain’s Counsel", The New York Times (2009-01-19). Retrieved 2009-01-20.
  257. ^ Brune, Tom. "Obama speech strong but anti-climatic", Newsday (2009-01-20). Retrieved 2009-01-20.
  258. ^ Hulse, Carl and Herszenhorn, David M. "Senators Reach Deal on Stimulus Plan as Jobs Vanish", The New York Times (2009-02-06). Retrieved 2009-02-07.
  259. ^ Chart is built from current year and archive ratings found within "Ratings of Congress", American Conservative Union, Retrieved 2009-03-21, and "Voting Records", Americans for Democratic Action, Retrieved 2009-03-21.
  260. ^ Mayer, William. "Kerry's Record Rings a Bell", The Washington Post (2004-03-28). Retrieved 2008-05-12: "The question of how to measure a senator's or representative's ideology is one that political scientists regularly need to answer. For more than 30 years, the standard method for gauging ideology has been to use the annual ratings of lawmakers' votes by various interest groups, notably the Americans for Democratic Action (ADA) and the American Conservative Union (ACU)."
  261. ^ "2008 U.S. Senate Votes", American Conservative Union. Retrieved 2009-03-21. Lifetime rating is given.
  262. ^ "Voting Records", Americans for Democratic Action. Retrieved 2009-03-21. Average includes all years beginning with 1983 in House, collected from various parts of ADA website and calculated on spreadsheet.
  263. ^ Barone, Michael and Cohen, Richard. The Almanac of American Politics, 2008, 95 (National Journal 2008). ISBN 0892341173. This biennially published almanac has been called "The most important reference text on American politics... the most comprehensive and accurate guide to the labyrinth of U.S. politics ever assembled." (Mead, Walter. "The United States", Foreign Affairs January/February 2006. Retrieved 2008-05-15) In 2005, the economic ratings were 52 percent conservative and 47 percent liberal, the social ratings 64 conservative / 23 liberal, and the foreign ratings 54 / 45. In 2006, the economic ratings were 64 / 35, the social 46 / 53, and the foreign 58 / 40.
  264. ^ Robb, Robert. "Is McCain a conservative?", RealClearPolitics (2008-02-01). Retrieved 2008-06-18.
  265. ^ Continetti, Matthew. "Not your dad's Republicans", Los Angeles Times (2008-03-06). Retrieved 2008-06-18.
  266. ^ Kimball, Richard. "Program History", Project Vote Smart. Retrieved 2008-05-20. Also see Nintzel, Jim. "Test Study: Why are politicians like John McCain suddenly so afraid of Project Vote Smart?", Tucson Weekly (2008-04-17). Retrieved 2008-05-21. Also see Stein, Jonathan. "Senator Straight Talk Won't Go on the Record with Project Vote Smart", Mother Jones (2008-04-07). Retrieved 2008-05-21.
  267. ^ "Senator John Sidney McCain III (AZ)", Project Vote Smart. Retrieved 2008-05-20. Non-partisan information about McCain's issue positions is also provided online by other sources. See, e.g., "John McCain on the Issues", OnTheIssues. Retrieved 2008-05-18.
  268. ^ "Issues", McCain's official Senate web site. Retrieved 2008-05-21.
  269. ^ Brooks, David. "The Character Factor", The New York Times (2007-11-13). Retrieved 2007-12-19.
  270. ^ Mitchell, Josh. "Military Veterans step up for John McCain", The Baltimore Sun (2008-02-05). Retrieved 2008-05-10.
  271. ^ a b Keller, Julia. "Me? A bad temper? Why, I oughta ...", Chicago Tribune (2008-05-01): "Anecdotes about McCain's short fuse—dashing off nasty letters, manhandling colleagues when they oppose him—have popped up in recent profiles. Conversely, though, we also want people in public life to be passionate and engaged. We want them to be fiery and feisty. We like them to care enough to blow their stacks every once in a while. Otherwise, we question the sincerity of their convictions." Retrieved 2008-05-10.
  272. ^ Jacobson, Gary. "Partisan Differences in Job Approval Ratings of George W. Bush and U.S. Senators in the States: An Exploration", Paper presented at annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, August 2006.
  273. ^ Hunt, Albert. "John McCain and Russell Feingold" in Profiles in Courage for Our Time, 256 (Kennedy, Caroline ed., Hyperion 2003): "The hero is indispensable to the McCain persona." ISBN 0-786-88678-1.
  274. ^ Purdum, Todd. "Prisoner of Conscience", Vanity Fair, February 2007. Retrieved 2008-01-19. The surgery took place in 2000.
  275. ^ Simon, Roger. "McCain's Health and Age Present Campaign Challenge", The Politico (2007-01-27). Retrieved 2007-11-23.
  276. ^ McCain, Worth the Fighting For, xvii: "God has given me heart enough for my ambitions, but too little forbearance to pursue them by routes other than a straight line."
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  278. ^ Campanille, Carl. "'Like to Hike' McC Loves Uphill Climb, Stays Fit in Ariz. Outdoors", New York Post (2008-03-10). Retrieved 2008-05-19.
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  284. ^ Drew, Citizen McCain, 23.
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  286. ^ Drew, Citizen McCain, 21–22.
  287. ^ Zengerle, Jason. "Papa John", The New Republic (2008-04-23). Retrieved 2008-04-11.
  288. ^ "A Conversation About What's Worth the Fight", Newsweek (2008-03-29): "I have — although certainly not in recent years — lost my temper and said intemperate things... I feel passionately about issues, and the day that passion goes away is the day I will go down to the old soldiers' home and find my rocking chair." Retrieved 2008-05-10.
  289. ^ "On The Hustings - April 21, 2008", The New York Sun (2008-04-21): "I am very happy to be a passionate man... many times I deal passionately when I find things that are not in the best interests of the American people. And so, look, 20, 25 years ago, 15 years ago, that's fine, and those stories here are either totally untrue or grossly exaggerated." Retrieved 2008-05-10.
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  291. ^ Coleman, Michael. "Domenici Knows McCain Temper", Albuquerque Journal, Online Edition (2008-04-27). Retrieved 2008-05-10.
  292. ^ a b c Kranish, Michael. "Famed McCain temper is tamed", The Boston Globe (2008-01-27). Retrieved 2008-04-28.
  293. ^ Kane, Paul. "GOP Senators Reassess Views About McCain", The Washington Post (2008-02-04): "the past few years have seen fewer McCain outbursts, prompting some senators and aides to suggest privately that he is working to control his temper." Retrieved 2008-05-10.
  294. ^ Novak, Robert. "A Pork Baron Strikes Back", The Washington Post (2008-02-07). Retrieved 2008-05-04.
  295. ^ Michael Leahy. "McCain: A Question of Temperament", The Washington Post (2008-04-20). ("Cornyn is now a McCain supporter, as is Republican Sen. Thad Cochran of Mississippi, himself a past target of McCain's sharp tongue, especially over what McCain regarded as Cochran's hunger for pork-barrel projects in his state. Cochran landed in newspapers early during the campaign after declaring that the thought of McCain in the Oval Office 'sends a cold chill down my spine.'") Retrieved 2008-04-28. McCain aide Mark Salter challenged the accuracy of some other elements of Leahy's article; see "McCain's Temper, Ctd.", National Review Online (2008-04-20). Retrieved 2008-05-04.
  296. ^ Raju, Manu. "McCain reaches out to GOP senators with weekly meetings", The Hill (2008-04-30). Retrieved 2008-05-04
  297. ^ Timberg, American Odyssey, 144–145.
  298. ^ Bumiller, Elisabeth. "Two McCain Moments, Rarely Mentioned", The New York Times (2008-03-24). Retrieved 2008-03-24.
  299. ^ Tilghman, Andrew. "McCain win might stop sons from deploying", Navy Times (2008-03-10). Retrieved 2008-03-28.

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This article is part of a series about the life of
John McCain
John McCain
John McCain
Early life and military career
House and Senate career until 2000
2000 Presidential primaries campaign
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2008 McCain-Palin campaign
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United States House of Representatives
Preceded by
John Jacob Rhodes		 Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Arizona's 1st congressional district
1983–1987		 Succeeded by
John Jacob Rhodes III
United States Senate
Preceded by
Barry Goldwater		 United States Senator (Class 3) from Arizona
1987 – present
Served alongside: Dennis DeConcini, Jon Kyl		 Incumbent
Political offices
Preceded by
Daniel Inouye		 Chairman of the Senate Indian Affairs Committee
1995–1997		 Succeeded by
Ben Nighthorse Campbell
Preceded by
Larry Pressler		 Chairman of the Senate Commerce Committee
1997–2001		 Succeeded by
Ernest Hollings
Preceded by
Ernest Hollings		 Chairman of the Senate Commerce Committee
2003–2005		 Succeeded by
Ted Stevens
Preceded by
Ben Nighthorse Campbell		 Chairman of the Senate Indian Affairs Committee
2005–2007		 Succeeded by
Byron Dorgan
Party political offices
Preceded by
Barry Goldwater		 Republican Party nominee for United States Senator from Arizona
(Class 3)
1986, 1992, 1998, 2004
 Most recent
Preceded by
George W. Bush		 Republican Party presidential candidate
2008		 Most recent
Order of precedence in the United States of America
Preceded by
Richard Shelby
(R-Alabama)		 United States Senators by seniority
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(D-Nevada)
v • d • e
John McCain
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Cindy Hensley McCain (wife) · Carol McCain (first wife) · Meghan McCain (daughter) · John S. McCain, Jr. (father) · Roberta McCain (mother) · Joe McCain (brother) · Sandy McCain Morgan (sister) · John S. McCain, Sr. (grandfather)
v • d • e
United States Senators from Arizona
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 United States Senate
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John McCain (R), Jon Kyl (R)
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AL: Shelby (R), Sessions (R)
AK: Murkowski (R), Begich (D)
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CO: M. Udall (D), Bennet (D)
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GA: Chambliss (R), Isakson (R)
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ID: Crapo (R), Risch (R)
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MN Klobuchar (D), disputed
MS: Cochran (R), Wicker (R)
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WA: Murray (D), Cantwell (D)
WV: Byrd (D), Rockefeller (D)
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v • d • e
United States presidential election, 2008
United States elections, 2008 · Candidates (Comparison) · Debates · Congressional support · Fundraising · Ballot access · Timeline · Super Tuesday · Potomac primary · Super Tuesday II · General polls · Statewide general polls · International polls · International reaction
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Those listed following the "/" are the party's vice-presidential nominee
Other 2008 elections: House · Senate · Gubernatorial
Representatives to the 98th–110th United States Congresses from Arizona
98th Senate: B. Goldwater | D. DeConcini House: M. Udall | E. Rudd | B. Stump | J. McCain | J. McNulty
99th Senate: B. Goldwater | D. DeConcini House: M. Udall | E. Rudd | B. Stump | J. McCain | J. Kolbe
100th Senate: D. DeConcini | J. McCain House: M. Udall | B. Stump | J. Kolbe | J. Kyl | J. J. Rhodes III
101st Senate: D. DeConcini | J. McCain House: M. Udall | B. Stump | J. Kolbe | J. Kyl | J. J. Rhodes III
102nd Senate: D. DeConcini | J. McCain House: B. Stump | J. Kolbe | J. Kyl | J. J. Rhodes III | E. Pastor
103rd Senate: D. DeConcini | J. McCain House: B. Stump | J. Kolbe | J. Kyl | E. Pastor | S. Coppersmith | K. English
104th Senate: J. McCain | J. Kyl House: B. Stump | J. Kolbe | E. Pastor | J. D. Hayworth | M. Salmon | J. Shadegg
105th Senate: J. McCain | J. Kyl House: B. Stump | J. Kolbe | E. Pastor | J. D. Hayworth | M. Salmon | J. Shadegg
106th Senate: J. McCain | J. Kyl House: B. Stump | J. Kolbe | E. Pastor | J. D. Hayworth | M. Salmon | J. Shadegg
107th Senate: J. McCain | J. Kyl House: B. Stump | J. Kolbe | E. Pastor | J. D. Hayworth | J. Shadegg | J. Flake
108th Senate: J. McCain | J. Kyl House: J. Kolbe | E. Pastor | J. D. Hayworth | J. Shadegg | J. Flake | T. Franks | R. Grijalva | R. Renzi
109th Senate: J. McCain | J. Kyl House: J. Kolbe | E. Pastor | J. D. Hayworth | J. Shadegg | J. Flake | T. Franks | R. Grijalva | R. Renzi
110th Senate: J. McCain | J. Kyl House: E. Pastor | J. Shadegg | J. Flake | T. Franks | R. Grijalva | R. Renzi | G. Giffords | H. Mitchell


Persondata
NAME McCain, John
ALTERNATIVE NAMES McCain, John Sidney, III (full name)
SHORT DESCRIPTION U.S. Senator from Arizona; 2008 Republican Presidential nominee
DATE OF BIRTH August 29, 1936
PLACE OF BIRTH U.S. Panama Canal Zone
DATE OF DEATH
PLACE OF DEATH


Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_McCain"
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