List of active autonomist and secessionist movements
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This is a list of currently active autonomist and secessionist movements around the world.
Entries on this list meet two criteria: they are active movements with living, active members, and they are seeking greater autonomy or self-determination for a geographic region (as opposed to personal autonomy). What is and is not considered an autonomy or secession movement is, of course, contentious.
Under each region listed is one or more of the following:
- Proposed state
- De-facto state (if one is already in power in the accorded region)
- Political party/ies
- Pressure group(s) (for non-politically-participatory entities)
- Rebel organization(s) (for those organizations which have taken up arms)
- Proposed autonomous region (if the above organizations have explicitly called for greater autonomy rather than outright secession; does not preclude the existence of proposed secessionist states in the same region in question)
- Government-in-exile (if a government has been formed outside of the region in question due to pressure from the occupying government)
For defunct movements and groups, please see: List of historical autonomist and secessionist movements
[edit] Africa
[edit] Algeria
Kabyles
- Proposed state: Kabylie
- Political party: Mouvement pour l'Autonomie de la Kabylie
[edit] Angola
Cabinda (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
- Government-in-exile: Frente para a Libertação do Enclave de Cabinda (FLEC)
- Political party: Frente para a Libertação do Enclave de Cabinda (FLEC)
- Rebel organization: Forças Armadas de Cabinda (FAC)
- Proposed state: Republic of Cabinda
[edit] Benin
[edit] Cameroon
- Bakassi Peninsula
- Proposed state: Democratic Republic of Bakassi
Southern Cameroons (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
- Proposed state: Federal Republic of Southern Cameroon, Ambazonia
- Political party: Southern Cameroons National Council
[edit] Comoros
- Anjouan
- Political parties: Anjouan People's Movement, Mouvement Populaire Anjouanais, Mawana
Mohéli
- Proposed state: Democratic Republic of Mwali
[edit] Congo-Kinshasa
- Bas-Congo
- Pressure group: Bundu dia Kongo
- Proposed state: Kingdom of Kongo
Katanga
- Kwili, Kivu
- Proposed state: Republic of Bukavu
[edit] Côte d'Ivoire
- Northern Regions
- Proposed State: Republique des les Regions Nordenses.
[edit] Egypt
- Copts
- Proposed State: Coptic Pharaonic Republic
- Pressure Group: Coptic Christians living abroad.
[edit] Equatorial Guinea
Bioko
- Political party: Movement for the Self-Determination of Bioko Island
[edit] Ethiopia
- Gambela Region
- Rebel organization: Gambella Peoples Liberation Front
Ogaden (
Somali Region)
- Proposed state: Republic of Ogadenia
- Political party: Ogaden National Liberation Front, Western Somali Liberation Front
- Pressure group: Ogaden Youth Association
- Oromia Region
- Rebel organization: Oromo Independence Movement
- Rebel organization: Oromo Liberation Front
- Rebel organization: Islamic Front for the Liberation of Oromia
- Rebel organization: Conference of Oromiya Peoples Liberation Front
[edit] France (Africa)
[edit] Mauritius
[edit] Morocco
Western Sahara
- Government-in-exile: Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
- Political party: Polisario Front
While the government of the SADR is based in refugee camps in Tindouf Province, Algeria, it has de facto control over the area east of a Berm that crosses the territory of Western Sahara. This area is known to the SADR as the Free Zone and to the Moroccans as the Buffer Zone.
[edit] Namibia
Caprivi
- Rebel organization: Caprivi Liberation Army
- Political party: Caprivi African National Union
- Proposed state: Free State of Caprivi Strip/Itenge
[edit] Niger
- Agadez Department
- Rebel organization: Revolutionary Armed Forces of the Sahara
- Political parties: Taniminnak Tidot N Tenere, Tidot Union of Tenere.
- Proposed state: Akal N Tenere, Tenere Republic
[edit] Nigeria
- Bakassi Peninsula
- Proposed state: Democratic Republic of Bakassi
Igbo
- Proposed state: Biafra (defunct)
- Political party: Movement for the Actualization of the Sovereign State of Biafra
- Ijaw
- Rebel organization: Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta
- Rebel organization: Niger Delta People's Volunteer Force
- Proposed state: Niger Delta Republic
Ogoni
- Political party: Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People
- Yoruba
- Political party: Oodua Republic Front
- Proposed state: Oduduwa Republic of the Yorubas
[edit] Rwanda
Batwa (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
- Political party: Association for the Promotion of Batwa
[edit] Somalia
Galmudug
- Hiraan
- Proposed autonomous region: States of Central Somalia
Jubaland
- Rebel organization: Somali Patriotic Movement
- Proposed state: Republic of Jubaland
Maakhir
Puntland
- Political party: Somali Salvation Democratic Front
- De facto state: Republic of Puntland State of Somalia
Somaliland
- Political party: Somali National Movement
- De facto state: Republic of Somaliland
Southwestern Somalia
- Rebel organization: Rahanwein Resistance Army
- Proposed autonomous region: State of Southwestern Somalia
[edit] Senegal
Casamance
- Rebel organization: Movement of Democratic Forces of Casamance
[edit] South Africa
Boere-Afrikaners
- Rebel organization: Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging, Boeremag
- Pressure group: Orania Movement
- Proposed state: Volkstaat
[edit] Sudan
- Beja
- Rebel organization: Beja Congress
Darfur
- Rebel organization: Darfur Liberation Front
- Eastern Sudan
- Rebel organization: Eastern Front (Sudan)
Southern Sudan
- Proposed state: Southern Sudan
[edit] Tanzania
Zanzibar (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
- Political party: Civic United Front
[edit] Western Sahara
Sahrawis
- Government-in-exile: Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (see foreign relations of Western Sahara)
- Political party: Polisario Front
- De facto state: Free Zone
While the government of the SADR is based in refugee camps in Tindouf Province, Algeria, it has de facto control over the area east of a Berm that crosses the territory of Western Sahara. This area is known to the SADR as the Free Zone and to the Moroccans as the Buffer Zone.
[edit] Zambia
Barotse
- Proposed state: Barotseland
- Rebel organization: Barotse Patriotic Front
[edit] Zimbabwe
Rhodesians
- Proposed state: Rhodesia
[edit] Asia
[edit] Afghanistan
- Badakhshan (Wakhan Corridor)
- Political party: Lali Badakhshon
- Proposed autonomous region: United Badakhshan Peoples Republic
[edit] Azerbaijan
Nagorno-Karabakh
- De facto state: Nagorno-Karabakh Republic
Talysh-Mughan
- Proposed autonomous region: Talysh-Mughan Autonomous Republic
[edit] Bangladesh
- Chittagong Hill Tracts (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
[edit] People's Republic of China
[edit] Secessionist movements
Hong Kong
- Political Organisation: Hong Konger Front; it is unclear whether this actually exists as an organisation.
- Proposed state: Republic of Hong Kong
Inner Mongolia (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
- Political parties: Inner Mongolian People's Party, Southern Mongolian Democratic Alliance
Tibet (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
- Government-in-exile: Tibetan Government in Exile
- Political party: International Tibet Independence Movement, National Democratic Party of Tibet, United Liberation Front of Tibet
- Pressure Groups: Students for a Free Tibet
-
See also: 2008 unrest in Tibet
East Turkestan / Uyghuristan / Xinjiang (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
- Rebel organization: East Turkestan Islamic Movement
- Political party: East Turkestan Government in Exile
- Proposed state: Eastern Turkestan Republic
- Manchuria
[edit] Autonomist movements
Macau
- Political party: New Macau Association
Hong Kong
- Certain degree of autonomy guaranteed by Basic Law of Hong Kong in the 1997 handover of Hong Kong from British to Chinese rule.
- Pro-Democracy camp.
Tibet (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
- the 14th Dalai Lama, head of the Tibet government in exile
[edit] Georgia
Abkhazia (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
- De facto state: Republic of Abkhazia
- Armenians in Samtskhe-Javakheti region
- Pressure group: Javakh, United Javakh-Democratic Alliance, Virk
- Proposed autonomous region: Javakh autonomous region
South Ossetia
- De facto state: Republic of South Ossetia
[edit] India
See also: Insurgent groups in Northeast India
- Andhra Pradesh[citation needed]
- Political party: Jai Andhra[4]
- Arunachal Pradesh
- Rebel organization: Arunachal Dragon Force
- Proposed autonomous region: Teola country[1]
- Assam
See also under Bodoland, Dimasaland, Kamtapur, Karbi below.
-
- Rebel organization: United Liberation Front of Assam, Muslim United Liberation Tigers of Assam[2]
Bodoland
- Political parties: National Democratic Front of Bodoland
- Dimasaland
- Political party: Dima Halim Daogah (Two factions)
- Garo
- Rebel organizations: People's Liberation Front of Meghalaya/Achik National Volunteer Council[3]
- Proposed autonomous region: Achikland
- Gondwana
- Political party: Gondwana Ganatantra Party, seeking to create a Gondi state from parts of Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, and Maharashtra[5]
- Kamtapur
- Political party: Kamtapur Peoples Party (political wing of KLO)
- Rebel organizations: Kamtapur Liberation Organisation, Koch-Rajbongshi Liberation Organisation
-
- Proposed autonomous region: Kamtapur state curved out of West Bengal
- Karbi[citation needed]
- Rebel organization: Karbi National Volunteers, United People’s Democratic Solidarity[6]
- Proposed autonomous region: Karbi-Anglong[citation needed]
- Karnataka
- Jammu & Kashmir
- Rebel organizations: Lashkar-e-Toiba, Harkat-ul-mujahideen
- Proposed state: Unification with Pakistan
- Political organizations: All Parties Hurriyat Conference, Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front
- Proposed state: Independent State of Kashmir
- Nagaland
- Rebel organization: National Socialist Council of Nagaland
- Government-in-exile: Government of the People’s Republic of Nagaland
- Proposed state: Nagalim, or Peoples Republic of Nagaland
- Manipur[citation needed]
- Mizoram[citation needed]
- Rebel organizations: Zomi Revolutionary Organization[citation needed], Mizoram Farmers Liberation Force[citation needed]
- Proposed state: Zozam[citation needed]
- Punjab
- Proposed state:
Khalistan
- Rebel organizations: Khalistan Commando Force, Babbar Khalsa International, Khalistan Zindabad Force, International Sikh Youth Federation, Khalistan Liberation Force
- Proposed state:
- Rayalaseema[citation needed]
- Tamil Nadu[citation needed]
- Rebel organizations: Tamil National Retrieval Troops, Tamil Nadu Liberation Army
- Telangana
- Political parties: Telangana Rashtra Samithi, seeking to separate Telangana from Andhra Pradesh state. Various other minor groups such as Jai Telangana Party, Telangana Communist Party, Telangana Janata Party, Telangana Praja Samithi, Telangana Rashtra Party, Telangana Rashtra Sadhana Front, Telangana Rashtra Samithi and Telangana Sadhana Samithi.
- Tripura
- Rebel organizations: National Liberation Front of Tripura (two factions operating), All Tripura Tiger Force
- Vidarbha[citation needed]
- Political parties: Vidarbha Rajya Party, Vidarbha Vikas Party, seeking to separate Vidarbha from Maharashtra.
- Zomi[citation needed]
- Political parties: Zomi National Congress[citation needed]
[edit] Indonesia
Aceh (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
- Political party: Free Aceh Movement
Maluku (South Moluccas is a member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
- Political parties: Maluku Sovereignty Front
- Government-in-exile: Republik Maluku Selatan
Riau
West Papua (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
- Political parties: Free Papua Movement/Organisasi Papua Merdeka, West Papua Niugini
- Proposed state: Republic of West Papua
Sulawesi
Proposed state: Republic of Bali, Bali Independence Movement
[edit] Japan
- Ryūkyūs, Ryukyuan people
- Proposed state: Republic of the Ryūkyūs
- Political party: Ryukyu independence movement, Kariyushi Club (formerly "Ryūkyū Independent Party")
[edit] Laos
[edit] Myanmar (Burma)
- Arakan
- Pressure group: Arakan Independence Alliance
Chin
- Rebel organization: Chin National Front
- Proposed state: Chinland
Kachin
- Political party: Kachin National Organization
- Proposed state: Kachinland
- Karen
- Pressure group: Karen National Union
- Rebel organization: Karen National Liberation Army
- Proposed state: Republic of Kawthoolei
- Karenni (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
- Pressure group: Karenni National Progressive Party
- Rebel organization: Karenni Army
- Government-in-exile: Karenni Provisional Government
- Proposed state: United Karenni Independent States
- Kuki
- Pressure group: Kuki National Organisation
- Rebel organization: Kuki National Army
- Proposed state: Kukiland
- Mon
- Political party: New Mon State Party
- Nagaland
- Rebel organization: National Socialist Council of Nagaland
- Government-in-exile: Government of the People's Republic of Nagaland
- Proposed state: Nagalim, or Peoples Republic of Nagaland
- Rakhine people
- Pressure group: Arakan Rohingya National Organization
- Shan
- Political party: Shan Democratic Union
- Pressure group: Restoration Council of Shan State
- Rebel organization: Shan State Army
- Proposed state: Federated Shan States
Wa
- Political party: United Wa State Party
- Rebel organization: United Wa State Army
- Proposed state: Wa State
- Zomi
- Political parties: Zomi National Congress, Zomi Reunification Organization
- Rebel organizations: Zomi National Front/Army, Zomi Revolutionary Army
- Proposed state: Zogam, or Federated State of Zomi
[edit] Pakistan
Balochistan
- Political Party: Balochistan Liberation Front, Balochistan Liberation Army
Balawaristan
- Political party: Gilgit Baltistan United Movement
- Proposed state: Republic of Gilgit Baltistan
Sindh
- Proposed state: Sindhudesh
- Political movement: Jeay Sindh Qaumi Mahaz
Waziristan
- Political party: Taliban, al-Qaeda
- Rebel organization: Army of Waziristan
- De facto state: Islamic Emirate of Waziristan
Pashtunistan
[edit] Philippines
- Bangsamoro
- Political party: Moro National Liberation Front
- Rebel organization: Moro Islamic Liberation Front
- Proposed state: Federal Republic of Mindanao, Bangsamoro Juridical Entity
- Cordillera (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
- Political party: Cordillera Bodong Association
- Rebel organization: Cordillera People's Liberation Army
[edit] Russian Federation (Asia)
Altai Republic
Buryatia
- Political party: All Buryat Association for the Development of Culture
- Eastern Siberia
- Proposed state: United States of Northern Asia
Far Eastern Republic
- Proposed state: Far Eastern Republic
Khakassia
Sakha
- Political party: Sakha-Amuk
Siberia
- Political party: Party of Siberian Liberation
- Proposed state: Siberian Republic
Tuva
- Political party: People's Party of Sovereign Tuva, People's Front "Free Tuva"
[edit] Sri Lanka
Tamil
- Proposed state: Tamil Eelam
- Rebel organization: Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam
[edit] Republic of China (Taiwan)
Taiwan (Main article: Taiwan independence, Political status of Taiwan) (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
- Political parties: Pan-Green Coalition (Democratic Progressive Party, Taiwan Solidarity Union, Taiwan Independence Party)
- Proposed state: Republic of Taiwan
- De facto state: Republic of China
[edit] Tajikistan
- Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region
- Political party: Lali Badakhshon
[edit] Thailand
Pattani
- Rebel organization: Pattani United Liberation Organization (PULO) (irredentist)
- Proposed state: "Greater Patani State" (Negara Patani Raya)
[edit] Turkey (Asia)
Assyrian/Chaldean/Syriac people (politically divided between Iraq, Iran, Lebanon, Syria and Turkey; see respective entries) (See also: Assyrian independence) (Assyria is a member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
Kurdish people
- Rebel organization: Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK)
- Proposed state: Kurdistan
[edit] Uzbekistan
[edit] Vietnam
- Hmong
- Degar
- Proposed autonomous region: Tây Nguyên
- Pressure group: Montagnard Foundation
- Cham people
[edit] The Middle East
[edit] Iran
Assyrian people, Aramean-Syriac people and Chaldean people (politically divided between Iraq, Iran, Syria and Turkey; see respective entries) (See also: Assyrian independence) (Assyria is a member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
Kurdish people
- Political party: Kurdistan Democratic Party of Iran (KDPI)
- Political party: Kurdistan Independence Party (PSK)
- Rebel organizations: Party for a Free Life in Kurdistan (PJAK), Komalah
- Proposed state: Kurdistan
- Balochistan
Arabistan (Khuzestan) (See also: Politics of Khūzestān Province)
- Rebel organizations: Al-Ahwaz Arab People's Democratic Popular Front, Ahwaz Arab Renaissance Party, Ahwaz Liberation Organisation
- Pressure group: Democratic Solidarity Party of Al-Ahwaz
[edit] Iraq
Assyrian people, Aramean-Syriac people and Chaldean people (politically divided between Iraq, Iran, Lebanon, Syria and Turkey; see respective entries) (See also: Assyrian independence) (The Assyrian Universal Alliance is a member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
- Political party: Assyrian Universal Alliance (AUA)
- Proposed autonomous region: Assyria
Kurdish people (the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) and the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK) are members of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
- Political parties: Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) and the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK)
- Proposed state: Kurdistan
- Shi'a Muslims
- Political Supreme Islamic Iraqi Council
Iraqi Turkmen (The Iraqi National Turkmen Party is a member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
- Political party: Iraqi Turkmen Front (ITF) (goal: recognition of Turkmen as a national minority)
[edit] Israel
Palestine (Main article: Proposals for a Palestinian state)
- Rebel organizations: al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigade (now officially known as al-Shaid Yasser Arafat Brigades), Hamas, Palestinian Islamic Jihad, Tanzim
- Political parties: Hamas, Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine, Fatah, Palestine Liberation Front, Palestine Liberation Organisation, Palestinian National Authority, Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (these political parties also have armed, militant wings)
[edit] Syria
Assyrian people, Aramean-Syriac people and Chaldean people (politically divided between Iraq, Iran, Lebanon, Syria and Turkey; see respective entries) (See also: Assyrian independence) (Assyria is a member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
Kurdish people
- Political party: Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP)
- Rebel organization: Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK)
- Proposed state: Kurdistan
[edit] Yemen
- Tribal and regional factions call for autonomous rights in the Aden, Yemen and Dhofar regions.
[edit] Europe
[edit] Belgium
Brussels-Capital Region
- Political parties (seeking a union with France):
- Political parties (seeking a union with Flanders):
- Lijst Dedecker
- Nieuw-Vlaamse Alliantie member of the European People's Party
- Vlaamse Progressieven member of the European Free Alliance
- Vlaams Belang member of the Identity, Tradition, Sovereignty-Group
- VLOTT
Flemish Region
- Political parties (seeking independence or confederation and, in some cases, a certain degree of cooperation with the Netherlands):
- Lijst Dedecker
- Nieuw-Vlaamse Alliantie member of the European People's Party
- Vlaamse Progressieven member of the European Free Alliance
- Vlaams Belang member of the Identity, Tradition, Sovereignty-Group
- VLOTT
- Political parties (seeking independence or confederation and, in some cases, a certain degree of cooperation with the Netherlands):
German-speaking Community of Belgium
- Political parties:
- Partei der deutschsprachigen Belgier member of the European Free Alliance
- Partei der deutschsprachigen Belgier member of the European Free Alliance
- Political parties:
Walloon Region
- Political parties (seeking a union with France):
[edit] Bosnia and Herzegovina
Republika Srpska
- Political parties: Savez nezavisnih socijaldemokrata, Srpska Demokratska Stranka
[edit] Croatia
Istria
- Political parties: Istrian Democratic Assembly, Istrian Democratic Forum
- Krajina:
- Political party: Republic of Serbian Krajina Government in Exile
[edit] Cyprus
Northern Cyprus
- De facto state: Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus
[edit] Czech Republic
Moravia
- Political parties: Moravané member of the European Free Alliance
[8]
- Political parties: Moravané member of the European Free Alliance
[edit] Denmark
Faroe Islands
- Political party: Republican Party, People's Party, Centre Party, Self-Government Party
[edit] Estonia
- Estonian United Left Party (Russian minority)
[edit] Finland
Åland
- Political party: Future of Åland member of the European Free Alliance
- Proposed state: Åland
- Political party: Future of Åland member of the European Free Alliance
Sami
- Proposed autonomous region: Sápmi
[edit] France (Europe)
Bourgogne
- Political party: Mouvement de libération de la Bourgogne
- Rebel organization: GALB
Alsace-Lorraine
- Political party: Forum Nationaliste d'Alsace-Lorraine, Union du Peuple Alsacien
Basque Country
- Political party: Abertzaleen Batasuna (AB), Batasuna, Eusko Alkartasuna (EA) member of the European Free Alliance
, Parti Nationaliste Basque.
- Pressure group: All local politicians[citation needed], even those in "French" parties, agree to demand a Basque département and co-officiality of Basque language, a demand that has been rejected by the French government.
- Rebel organization: Iparretarrak (defunct), ETA
- Proposed state: Euskadi or Euskal Herria (Basque Country)
- Political party: Abertzaleen Batasuna (AB), Batasuna, Eusko Alkartasuna (EA) member of the European Free Alliance
Brittany
- Pressure groups: Celtic League
- Political party: Adsav, Breton Party, Union Démocratique Bretonne member of the European Free Alliance
, Emgann
- Rebel organization: Armée Révolutionnaire Bretonne, Front de Libération de la Bretagne
- Proposed state: Brittany
Corsica
- Political party: Corsica Nazione, Partitu di a Nazione Corsa member of the European Free Alliance
- Rebel organization: National Front for the Liberation of Corsica
- Political party: Corsica Nazione, Partitu di a Nazione Corsa member of the European Free Alliance
Normandy
- Political party: Le Mouvement Normand
Northern Catalonia
- Political party: Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya member of the European Free Alliance
, Bloc Català
- Proposed state: Països Catalans
- Political party: Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya member of the European Free Alliance
Savoy
- Political party: Savoy Regional Movement
- Political party: Ligue savoisienne
Occitania
- Political party: Partit de la Nacion Occitana, Partit Occitan member of the European Free Alliance
, Iniciativa per Occitània, Anaram au Patac, Hartèra
- Political party: Partit de la Nacion Occitana, Partit Occitan member of the European Free Alliance
French Flanders or French Netherlands
- Political Party: Le Bloc Représentatif du Nord-France et Flandres Frances
- Proposed state: Les Pays-Bas français, Les Flandres françaises or Le Parti du Artois et Flandres
[edit] Germany
Bavaria
- Political party: Bavaria Party member of the European Free Alliance
- Political party: Bavaria Party member of the European Free Alliance
[edit] Italy
Aosta Valley
Piedmont
- Political parties: Lega Nord Piemont
Lombardy
- Political parties: Lega Lombarda, Lega Alleanza Lombarda, Lombard Independentist Front
- Pressure groups: Domà Nunch
Trentino
South Tyrol
Veneto
- Movement: Venetism
- Political parties: Liga Veneta, North-East Project, Liga Veneta Repubblica, Venetians in Movement, Venetian National Party, Venetian People's Unity
Friuli-Venezia Giulia
- Political parties : Lega Nord Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Friuli Movement, Giulian Front
Liguria
- Political party: Lega Nord Liguria, Ligurian Independentist Movement
Emilia
- Political parties: Lega Nord Emilia
Romagna
- Political parties: Lega Nord Romagna
- Tuscany
- Political parties: Lega Nord Toscana
Marche
- Political parties: Lega Nord Marche
Umbria
- Political parties: Lega Nord Umbria
Sardinia
- Southern Italy
- Political parties: Movement for Autonomy, Federalist Alliance, Lega Sud Ausonia, Southern Action League
Sicily
- Political parties: Movement for Autonomy, Movement for the Independence of Sicily, Sicilian National Front, Sicilian Alliance, Sicilian People's Party
- Pressure groups: Terra e Liberazione, Sicilian Action Youthful National Front
- Two Sicilies independence movement
[edit] Kosovo
Republic of Kosovo,
- de facto state: Republic of Kosovo
- Political parties: Democratic League of Kosovo, Alliance for the Future of Kosovo, Democratic Party of Kosovo, National Movement for the Liberation of Kosovo, The People's Movement for Kosovo
- Rebel organization: Kosovo Liberation Army (became Kosovo Protection Corps)
North Kosovo
- Proposed state: part of Serbia
[edit] Macedonia
[edit] Moldova
Gagauz Yeri
Transnistria
- De facto state: Transnistria
[edit] Netherlands (Europe)
Frisia
- Political party: Frisian National Party, member of the European Free Alliance
- Political party: Frisian National Party, member of the European Free Alliance
[edit] Norway
[edit] Poland
Upper Silesia
- Political party: Silesian Autonomy Movement
[edit] Portugal
Azores
- Political party:
Democratic Party of the Atlantic (virtually extinct)
- Political party:
[edit] Romania
- Székler Land: Székely autonomy initiatives
- Political organisation: Székler National Council
[edit] Russian Federation (Europe)
Adygea ; no autonomist or secessionist movement can be identified as active in 2009
Bashkortostan; no autonomist or secessionist movement can be identified as active in 2009
Chechnya
- Rebel organization: Chechen separatists
- Proposed state: Chechen Republic of Ichkeria
- Alternative proposed state: Caucasian Emirate (claimed successor to Ichkeria)
Chuvashia; no autonomist or secessionist movement can be identified as active in 2009
Dagestan; no autonomist or secessionist movement can be identified as active in 2009
Don Cossackia; no autonomist or secessionist movement can be identified as active in 2009
Ingushetia
Kabardino-Balkaria; no autonomist or secessionist movement can be identified as active in 2009
Kaliningrad Oblast; ; no autonomist or secessionist movement can be identified as active in 2009
Kalmykia; no autonomist or secessionist movement can be identified as active in 2009
Karachay-Cherkessia; no autonomist or secessionist movement can be identified as active in 2009
Karelia; no autonomist or secessionist movement can be identified as active in 2009
Kuban Cossackia; no autonomist or secessionist movement can be identified as active in 2009
Northern Ossetia; no autonomist or secessionist movement can be identified as active in 2009
Mordovia; no autonomist or secessionist movement can be identified as active in 2009
Tatarstan
- Political party: All-Tatar Public Center
- Proposed state: Tatarstan, Idel-Ural
Udmurtia
- Movement: the Udmurt Counsel (sic) is a member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization
- Proposed state: Udmurtia
[edit] Serbia
Republic of Kosovo
- de facto state: Republic of Kosovo
- Political parties: Democratic League of Kosovo, Alliance for the Future of Kosovo, Democratic Party of Kosovo, National Movement for the Liberation of Kosovo, The People's Movement for Kosovo
[edit] Spain
Basque Country and
Navarre (Main article: Basque nationalism)
- Political party: Partido Nacionalista Vasco (member of the European Democratic Party), Eusko Alkartasuna (member of the European Free Alliance
), Aralar, Nafarroa Bai, Basque Nationalist Action, Batasuna
- Terrorist organization: Euskadi Ta Askatasuna (ETA)
- Proposed state: Euskal Herria (Basque Country)
- Political party: Partido Nacionalista Vasco (member of the European Democratic Party), Eusko Alkartasuna (member of the European Free Alliance
Catalonia (Catalan independentism),
the Valencian Community and
the Balearic Islands
- Civil Organization: Sobirania i Progrés (Sovereignty and Progress), Plataforma pel Dret de Decidir, Cercle d'Estudis Sobiranistes
- Pressure groups: Catalunya Acció, Free Catalonia, Endavant, Moviment de Defensa de la Terra
- Youth pressure groups: Maulets, Coordinadora d'Assemblees de Joves de l'Esquerra Independentista, Joventuts d'Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya
- Political parties (secessionist): Candidatura d'Unitat Popular (in the Catalan Countries); Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya (in Catalonia, Balearic Islands, and Northern Catalonia; called Esquerra Republicana del País Valencià in the Valencian Country), member of the European Free Alliance
; Estat Català (in Catalonia).
- Political parties (autonomist): Convergència Democràtica de Catalunya, Unió Democràtica de Catalunya (in Catalonia); Partit Socialista de Mallorca-Entesa Nacionalista, Entesa de l’Esquerra de Menorca (in the Balearic Islands); Bloc Nacionalista Valencià (in the Valencian Country).
- Proposed state: Catalan Countries (united or federated); Principality of Catalonia, Valencian Community and Balearic Islands.
Galicia
- Political party: Bloque Nacionalista Galego (Galician Nationalist Block)(autonomist), member of the European Free Alliance
, NÓS-Unidade Popular (WE-Popular Unity)(independentist), Frente Popular Galego (Galician Popular Front)(independentist), Partido Galeguista (The Galician Party) , Terra Galega Galician Coalition (Centrist nationalist Party)
- Youth pressure groups: Galiza Nova, AGIR, CAF
- Proposed state: Galiza
- Main article: Galician nationalism
- Political party: Bloque Nacionalista Galego (Galician Nationalist Block)(autonomist), member of the European Free Alliance
Andalusia (Main article: Andalusian nationalism)
- Political parties (autonomist): Partido Andalucista, Partido Socialista Andaluz, Bloque Andaluz de Izquierdas, Partido Comunista del Pueblo Andaluz
- Political parties (secessionist): Nación Andaluza, Asamblea Nacional de Andalucia
- Youth movement: Jaleo!!!, Juventudes Andalucistas
- Proposed state: Andalusia
Aragon
- Political party (autonomist): Chunta Aragonesista member of the European Free Alliance
- Political party (secessionist): Estado Aragonés, Puyalón
- Youth movement: Astral, Chobenalla Aragonesista, A Enrestida
- Proposed state: Aragón
- Political party (autonomist): Chunta Aragonesista member of the European Free Alliance
Asturias (Main article: Asturian nationalism)
- Political parties (autonomist): Partíu Asturianista, URAS
- Political parties (secessionist): Unidá (IAS, Andecha Nacionaliega and Asturianistes), Bloque por Asturies, Andecha Astur
- Youth movements: Darréu, Mocedá d'Andecha Astur (formerly known as EMIR), Fai!
- Trade Unions: CSI, SUATEA, Frenti Estudiantil d'Asturies
- Other pro-independence organizations: Sofitu
- Proposed state: Socialist Republic of Asturies
- Proposed flag: Asturina
Canary Islands
- Political party: Congreso Nacional Canario (MPAIAC party), Federación Nacionalista Canaria, Alternativa Popular Canaria, Unidad del Pueblo
- Youth movement: Azarug
- Terrorist organization: MPAIAC (defunct)
- Proposed State: Canary Islands
Cantabria
- Political party: Conceju Nacionaliegu Cántabru
Castile
- Political parties (autonomist): Tierra Comunera
- Political parties (secessionist): Izquierda Castellana, Movimiento Popular Castellano,
- Youth movement: YESCA
- Proposed state: Castile
- Proposed flag: Pendón Morado,Pendón Estrellado
- Main article: Castilian nationalism
León
- Political parties: Unión del Pueblo Leonés (UPL or Leonese People's Union), Conceyu Xoven (Young Council), Partido Regionalista del País Leonés (PREPAL),Unión del Pueblo Salmantino (UPS), Partido Carlista del Reino de León (PC)
- Proposed state: País Llïonés - Leonese Country (Conceyu Xoven)
- Proposed autonomous region: Comunidad Autónoma de León - Autonomous Community of León (UPL, PREPAL, UPS, PC)
- Civil organizations: Plataforma Pro-Identidad Leonesa, Ciudadanos del Reino de Leon (CCRRLL), Ciudadanos Zamoranos (CCZZ)
- Youth movements: Leonese Youths/Juventudes Leonesistas (JJLL), Salamancans Youngs/Xovenes Salmantinos (XS)
- Principal Article: Leonese regionalist movement
[edit] Sweden
Sami
- Proposed autonomous region: Sápmi
Scania Political or cultural organisation: Stiftelsen Skånsk Framtid (Scanian Future Foundation) (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
[edit] Switzerland
Jura
- Political party: Mouvement Indépendantiste Jurassien (Jurassian Independentist Movement), Mouvement Autonomiste Jurassien (Jurassian Autonomist Movement), Groupe Bélier (Youth activists movement),
Ticino
- Political party: Lega dei Ticinesi
- Pressure groups: Domà Nunch
[edit] Ukraine
Crimea (the Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People is a member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
Carpathian Ruthenia: Congress of Carpathian Ruthenians
[edit] United Kingdom and associated territories (Europe)
[edit] Secessionist movements
Cornwall: Cornish self-government movement, Constitutional status of Cornwall
- Pressure groups: Revived Cornish Stannary Parliament, Tyr Gwyr Gweryn, Celtic League
- Political parties: Mebyon Kernow - Party for Cornwall member of the European Free Alliance
, Cornish Green Party, Cornish National Party
England: English nationalism
- Political party: Free England Party
Northern Ireland ("Six Counties"): Irish nationalism, Irish Republicanism, Ulster nationalism
- Pressure groups: Celtic League
- Political parties: Sinn Féin, Social Democratic and Labour Party, Republican Sinn Féin, Irish Republican Socialist Party, Ulster Third Way, Ulster Independence Movement
- Militant organization: Provisional Irish Republican Army, Real IRA, Continuity IRA, Irish National Liberation Army
Isle of Man
- Pressure groups: Celtic League
- Political parties: Mec Vannin, Liberal Vannin
Scotland: Scottish independence
- Pressure groups: Independence First, Celtic League, SRSM
- Political parties: Scottish National Party member of the European Free Alliance
, Scottish Green Party, Scottish Socialist Party, Scottish Enterprise Party, Solidarity (Scotland)
Wales: Welsh nationalism
- Pressure groups: Cymuned, Cymdeithas yr Iaith Gymraeg, Celtic League
- Political parties: Plaid Cymru member of the European Free Alliance
, Forward Wales, Wales Green Party, Cymru Annibynnol
[edit] Autonomist movements
Cornish self-government movement, Constitutional status of Cornwall
- Pressure groups: Cornwall 2000, Cornish Solidarity
England
- Pressure groups: Campaign for an English Parliament
- Political party: English Democrats Party
[edit] North America
[edit] Canada
[edit] Secessionist movements
Alberta (Main article: Alberta separatism)
- Political party: Separation Party of Alberta
British Columbia + Pacific Northwestern US
- Proposed state: Cascadia
- Pressure group: Republic of Cascadia, Cascadian Independence Project
Quebec (Main article: Quebec sovereignty movement)
- Civil organization: Saint-Jean-Baptiste Society, Mouvement national des Québécois et des Québécoises (MNQ), Rassemblement pour l'indépendance du Québec (RIQ), Les Intellectuels pour la souveraineté (IPSO), Mouvement de libération nationale du Québec (MLNQ), Réseau de Résistance du Québecois (RRQ)
- Labour union: Confédération des syndicats nationaux (CSN), Centrale des syndicats du Québec (CSQ), Fédération des travailleurs du Québec (FTQ), Union des artistes (UDA)
- Political party: Parti Québécois, Bloc Québécois, Québec solidaire, Parti indépendantiste
- Proposed state: Quebec
Saskatchewan
- Political party: Western Independence Party of Saskatchewan
- Western Canada
- Political party: Western Independence Party, Western Block Party
[edit] Autonomist movements
Nunatsiavut
Quebec
- Political party: Action démocratique du Québec
[edit] Denmark (North America)
Greenland
- Political party: Inuit Ataqatigiit
[edit] Mexico
[edit] United Kingdom (North America)
Bermuda
- Political parties: Progressive Labour Party (Bermuda)
[edit] United States (North America)
Alaska
- Political party: Alaskan Independence Party
Black Belt (U.S. region)
- Pressure group: RNA, New Black Panther Party
- Proposed state: Republic of New Afrika
Lakota Sioux
- Pressure group: Lakotah Oyate
- Proposed state: Republic of Lakotah
Maine
- Proposed state: Republic of Maine
- Pressure group: Free Maine[9]
Minnesota
- Proposed state: People's Republic of the North Star
- Pressure group: North Star Republic [10]
New England
- Pressure group: New England Confederation Alliance
New Hampshire
- Pressure group: republicofnh.org
New York City
- Pressure groups: Peter Vallone, Free City of Tri-Insula
New York State
- Pressure groups: Joseph Sawiki (Western Long Island), Randy Kuhl (Upstate)
- Proposed state: Independent Long Island
Northern New England, Newfoundland, Atlantic Northeast, Middle Atlantic States, Ontario, Canadian prairies, Midwest, Northern Western United States, and Pacific Northwest (Areas of North America [excluding The South ] primarily inhabited by whites)--Vinland
- Pressure group: Various white nationalist, white separatist, and Neo-Nazi groups
- Proposed state: Vinland
Oklahoma
- Pressure group: Indian Nations Republic of Oklahoma represented by the five largest Native American tribes in that state.
Pacific Northwest + British Columbia, Canada
- Proposed state: Cascadia
- Pressure group: Republic of Cascadia, Cascadian Independence Project
The South
- Pressure group: League of the South
- Political party: Southern Party
- Proposed state: Confederate States of America
- See also: Neo-confederate movement
South Carolina
- Proposed state: Republic of South Carolina
- Pressure group: SC League of the South [11]
Southwestern United States
- Proposed state: Aztlan, dependent on Mexico
- Pressure groups: La Voz de Aztlan, Mexica Movement, MEChA, La Raza
Texas
- Proposed state: Republic of Texas
- Pressure group: Texas Secession [12]
Vermont
- Proposed state: Green Mountain Republic of Vermont
- Pressure group: Second Vermont Republic [13]
[edit] Central America and Caribbean
[edit] Antigua and Barbuda
- Barbuda
- Political party: Barbuda People's Movement
[edit] France (Caribbean)
[edit] Haiti
- Northern Haiti
- Proposed state: Artibonite
[edit] Netherlands (Caribbean)
[edit] Nicaragua
- Miskito and other indigenous peoples
- Political party: YATAMA
- Autonomous regions: Región Autónoma del Atlántico Norte, Región Autónoma del Atlántico Sur
[edit] St. Vincent and the Grenadines
[edit] St. Kitts and Nevis
Nevis
- Political party: Concerned Citizens' Movement, Nevis Reformation Party
[edit] Trinidad and Tobago
- Tobago
- Political party: Democratic Action Congress
[edit] United Kingdom (Caribbean)
Anguilla
Cayman Islands
Montserrat
- Political parties: New People's Liberation Movement, United National Front
Turks and Caicos Islands
[edit] United States (Caribbean)
Puerto Rico
- Political party: Puerto Rican Independence Party (PIP)
- Pressure group: Puerto Rican Nationalist Party, Pro-Independence Universitarian Federation (FUPI), Union of Socialist Youth (UJS), Movimiento Independentista Nacional Hostosiano (MINH), Socialist Front (FS), National Congress for the Descolonizations (CONADE)
- Rebel organization: Boricua Popular Army (Macheteros), Fuerzas Armadas de Liberación Nacional (FALN)
[edit] U.S. Virgin Islands and British Virgin Islands
- Political party: Caribbean Virgin Islands Independence Party and the Union of Virgin Islands Party
[edit] South America
[edit] Argentina
Mapuche (politically divided between Argentina and Chile; see respective entries) (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
- Pressure group: The All Lands Conseil (Consejo de Todas las Tierras)
- Proposed state: Mapuche Nation
[edit] Bolivia
Aymara (politically divided between Bolivia, Chile and Peru; see respective entries)
- Pressure group: Tupac Katari Guerrilla Army (disbanded), Indigenous Pachakuti Movement
- Proposed state: Collasuyu
Beni
Pando
Santa Cruz
Tarija
[edit] Brazil
Rio Grande do Sul
- Political party: Pampa Independence Movement [14]
- Proposed state: Restoration of the Riograndense Republic
- Proposed flag: [15]
Southern Region
- Pressure group: O Sul é Meu País movement ("The south is my country")
- Political party: Movement for the Independence of South of Brazil
State of São Paulo
- Political party: Movimento São Paulo Independente ([16])
[edit] Chile
Aymara (politically divided between Bolivia, Chile and Peru; see respective entries)
- Proposed state: Collasuyu
Mapuche (politically divided between Argentina and Chile; see respective entries) (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
- Pressure group: The All Lands Conseil (Consejo de Todas las Tierras)
- Proposed state: Mapuche Nation
Magallanes and Antartica Chilena Region
- Proposed State: Independent Republic of Magallanes (República Independiente de Magallanes)
- Political Party: Partido Regionalista de Magallanes
[edit] France (South America)
French Guiana
- Political party: French Guiana Liberation Movement, Tam-Tam Front for the Liberation of Guiana
[edit] Peru
Aymara (politically divided between Bolivia, Chile and Peru; see respective entries)
- Pressure group: Tupac Katari Guerrilla Army
- Proposed state: Collasuyu
[edit] Venezuela
Zulia
- Proposed State: Republic of Zulia
- Pressure Group:Independence Movement for the Zulia State.
[edit] Oceania
[edit] Australia
- Australian Aborigines (Main article: Australian Aboriginal Sovereignty) (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
- Pressure group: Aboriginal Tent Embassy
[edit] Chile
Rapa Nui (Easter island)[citation needed]
[edit] Fiji
[edit] France (Oceania)
French Polynesia
- Political party: Tavini Huiraatira
New Caledonia
- Political party: Kanak Socialist National Liberation Front, Rassemblement UMP, Avenir Ensemble
- Proposed state: Kanaky or United State of Caledonia
[edit] Kiribati
[edit] Micronesia
[edit] New Zealand
South Island
- Main article: South Island Independence
- Political parties: South Island Party (2008) (doubtful whether 'active')
- Pressure groups: Zealandia Independence Project, Cut the Cable
- Proposed state: Zealandia
Cook Islands
Niue
Tokelau
[edit] Papua New Guinea
Bougainville (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
- Political party: Bougainville Revolutionary Army (recently violent), Bougainville Freedom Movement
[edit] Solomon Islands
[edit] United States (Oceania)
Guam
- Pressure movement: Chamoru Nation, Organization of People for Indigenous Rights
- Local Self-Government: Guam Commission on Self-Determination, now known as the Commission on Decolonization
Hawaii
- Pressure movement: Hawaiian sovereignty movement
- Political party: Nation of Hawai‘i and other nationalist groups attempting to reassert the sovereignty of the Kingdom of Hawai‘i. The Kingdom of Hawai‘i was internationally recognized as an independent country until the Republic of Hawaii was recognized in its place in 1894.
Northern Marianas
- Pressure Movement: Taotao Tano
[edit] Vanuatu
- Malekula
- Proposed state: N'Makiaute
- Northern islands
- Proposed state: Federation Na Griamel
- Tanna
- Political party: Forcona Movement, Kapiel Alliance
- Proposed state: Tafea Nation
[edit] References
This article does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources (ideally, using inline citations). Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (May 2007) |
[edit] See also
- List of autonomous regions and particular administrative divisions leaders
- List of historical autonomist and secessionist movements
- List of political parties campaigning for self-government
- List of U.S. state secession proposals
- List of irredentist claims or disputes
- List of dependent territories
- List of sovereign states
- European Union: Committee of the Regions, European Free Alliance
- Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organisation
- United Nations member states
- List of ethnic groups
- List of Chinese nationalities
- Self-determination
- Nationalism
- Separatism
- Autonomy
- Self-governance
- Sovereignty