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Terrorism

Definitions History International conventions Anti-terrorism legislation Counter-terrorism War on Terrorism

State involvement

State terrorism State sponsorship Iran and state terrorism Pakistan and state terrorism Russia and state terrorism Sri Lanka and state terrorism United States and state terrorism

By ideology

Communist Eco-terrorism Narcoterrorism Nationalist Ethnic Religious (Christian • Islamic • Jewish)

Types and tactics

Agricultural Biological Car bombing Environmental Aircraft hijacking Nuclear Piracy Propaganda of the deed Proxy bomb Suicide attack

Configurations

Front organization Lone wolf Clandestine cell system

Historical

Red Terror White Terror

Lists

Designated organizations Incidents

v • d • e

The following is a timeline of acts and failed attempts which can be considered non-state terrorism. Assassinations are listed by location at List of assassinated people.

There is no single accepted definition of non-state terrorism in common use, so incidents listed here are restricted to those which:

• (a) are not believed to have been state-sponsored.
• (b) are either commonly called terrorism, or meet at least some of the commonly used criteria.

Contents 1 19th century 2 1900s-1940s 3 1950s 4 1960s 5 1970s-2000s 6 See also 7 References 8 External links

[edit] 19th century

• 1800: Plot of the Rue Saint-Nicaise, assassination attempt on Napoleon Bonaparte, in Paris on 24 December 1800.
• 1838: The Haun's Mill massacre - 30 October 1838. Massacre of 18 Mormon men, women and children by the Missouri Militia.
• 1856, 1858, 1859: raids by John Brown in his fight against slavery^[1]
• 1858 Felice Orsini tried to kill the Emperor Louis Napoléon Bonaparte, and failed, killing 8 people and wounding 142 others.
• 1867 5 March: Attempt to blow up Clerkenwell Prison by Fenian agents. Dynamite charges demolished nearby tenements, killing six people and causing 120 casualties "including 15 permanently injured with loss of eyes, legs, arms etc".^[2]
• 1865-1877: Over 3000 Freedmen and their Republican Party allies were killed by a combination of the Ku Klux Klan and well-organized campaigns of violence by local whites in a campaign of terrorist violence which overthrew the reconstructionist governments in the American South and re-established segregation.^[3][4]
• 1868: Attempted assassination of Prince Alfred in Sydney.^[5]
• 1870: General Juan Prim, President of the Council, was shot by political enemies in his carriage after leaving the Spanish Parliament, and died due to wound complications two days later.
• The Fenian Brotherhood attacked Canadian targets in order to pressure Britain into withdrawing from Ireland.^[6]
• 1881 14 January: Fenian attempt to blow up Salford Infantry Barracks killed one^[2]
• 1882, 22 October A bomb exploded in Théâtre Bellecour restaurant, in Lyon, killing one employee.
• 1884 30 May: Fenian dynamite explosions demolished part of Scotland Yard and part of the Carlton Club; an unexploded device was found at the foot of Nelson's Column.^[7]
• 1885 25 January: Fenian bombs exploded at the Tower of London, London Bridge and two more at the House of Commons.^[8]
• 1887 21 June: The Jubilee Plot: A British-paid Fenian agent provocateur came close to blowing up Westminster Abbey and killing Queen Victoria.^[9]
• 1881 July 2: American President James Garfield was assassinated by religious fanatic Charles J. Guiteau.^[10]
• 1881: Tzar Alexander II of Russia was assassinated by a People's Will (Narodnaya volya) terrorist. ".^[11]
• 1886: Bomb at Haymarket Square, Chicago during a labor rally caused the Haymarket Riot which killed twelve people.^[12]
• 1891 May 11: Ōtsu incident -- assassination attempt on Nicholas II of Russia by a Japanese police officer named Tsuda Sanzo.^[13]
• 1893, 3 February Auguste Vaillant threw the home-made device from the public gallery of the French Chamber of Deputies in order to avenge the Ravachol execution. The weakness of the device meant that the explosion only wounded one deputy.
• 1893, 25 April The day before Ravachol judgment, a bomb exploded in Very restaurant, the place where Ravachol was arrested. The owner and one other man were killed. Théodule Meunier was later arrested in London in 1894 for the bombing.
• 1893: Anarchist Santiago Salvador threw two bombs into the stalls of the Liceu Opera House in Barcelona, the only exploding bomb killing about twenty and causing many injured.
• 1894: Explosion at the Royal Greenwich Observatory in London. The bomb went off prematurely, killing only the bomber.^[14]
• 1894, 12 February One week after the execution of Auguste Vaillant, Emile Henry threw a bomb in the "Terminus" café, in Saint Lazare train station. 1 killed, 20 wounded. Ravachol, Vaillant and Henry were all anarchist militants.
• 1894, 20 February. 2 bombs exploded in two hotels, in 69 rue Saint-Jacques]], wounded a woman, and 47 rue du Faubourg Saint-Martin, without casualties.
• 1894, 4 April A bomb exploded in Foyot restaurant. The writer Laurent Tailhade lost an eye in the explosion.
• 1894, 24 June An Italian anarchist, Sante Geronimo Caserio stabbed to death the French president Sadi Carnot, in order to avenge Auguste Vaillant and Emile Henry.
• 1897: President of the Council Antonio Cánovas del Castillo, was shot dead by anarchist Michele Angiolillo in a thermal bath resort.
• 1898 September 10: Empress Elisabeth of Bavaria of Austria-Hungary (commonly called "Sissi") was stabbed to death by a young Italian anarchist named Luigi Lucheni, in Geneva.^{[citation needed]}

[edit] 1900s-1940s

• 1901 September 6: American President William McKinley was assassinated by anarchist Leon Czolgosz.^[15]
• 1904 May 18: Ion Perdicaris and Cromwell Varley kidnapped and ransomed by bandit Mulai Ahmed er Raisuli in Morocco.^[16]
• 1904 June 16: Governor-General Nikolai Ivanovich Bobrikov was assassinated in Senate House in Helsinki by Finnish nationalist Eugen Schauman.^[17]
• 1906: Anarchist Mateu Morral, threw a bomb concealed in a bouquet to the passing carriage of King Alfonso XIII of Spain and his wife Victoria Eugenie of Battenberg on the day they were married. The royal couple were unharmed, but 24 people died in the incident.
• 1908 February 1: The Portuguese King Carlos was murdered with his son Prince Luís Filipe, Duke of Braganza, by two men connected with Carbonária, a terrorist organisation linked with the Portuguese Republican Party.
• 1908 July 13: The Amalthea Bombing. 1 killed and 23 injured in attack on strikebreakers by the young socialist activist Anton Nilsson.^[18]
• 1909 October 26: Assassination of Japanese Prime Minister Ito Hirobumi by Korean independence activist An Jung-geun.^[19]
• 1910 October 1: A bomb at the Los Angeles Times newspaper building in Los Angeles, California, United States, killed 21 workers.
• 1914 June 28: Assassination in Sarajevo of Franz Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria and his wife, precipitating World War I.^[20]
• 1915 January 1: Battle of Broken Hill - Muslims from the British colony of India (modern day Pakistan) shot at civilians in the Australian town, killing six.^[21]
• 1915 July 2 Frank Holt, (a.k.a. Erich Muenter) a German professor, exploded a bomb in the reception room of the U.S. Senate. The next morning, he tried to assassinate J.P. Morgan, Jr. (son of the financier whose company served as Great Britain’s principal U.S. purchasing agent for munitions and other war supplies), in a bid to stop the United States entering World War I against Germany.^[22]
• 1920 September 16: Wall Street Bombing killed 38 people and wounded 300 others.^[23]
• 1925 April 16: St Nedelya Church assault killed 150 people, mostly high-ranked individuals, and wounded 500 in the Bulgarian capital Sofia.^[24][25]
• 1921, March: A bomb attack by anarchic activists kills 80 people and wounding 21, in a theatre in Milan, Italy.^[26]
• 1927: The Ku Klux Klan launched a wave of political terror in Alabama.
• 1933 October 10: A Boeing 247 was destroyed in midflight by a nitroglycerin bomb. All seven people aboard were killed. This incident was the first proven case of air sabotage in the history of aviation.^[27]
• 1934 October 9: Assassination of King Alexander I of Yugoslavia and French Foreign Minister Louis Barthou in Marseille by Ustashas and IMRO.
• 1940 - 1956: George Metesky, the "Mad Bomber", placed over 30 bombs in New York City in public places such as Grand Central Station and The Paramount Theater, injuring ten during this period in protest against the local electric utility. He also sent many threatening letters.^[28]
• 1946 July 22: Bombing of King David Hotel, the British Military HQ in Jerusalem, by the Zionist group Irgun, with 91 deaths - a mix of military and civilian. ^[29]
• 1948 - Mahatma Gandhi assassinated by a Hindu extremist.

[edit] 1950s

• During this and the next decade, the Ku Klux Klan re-emerged. Some of the tactics used were lynching, cross burning and assassination.
• 1950 November 1: Puerto Rican nationalists failed to assassinate U.S. President Harry S. Truman.
• 1951 October 16: Liaquat Ali Khan, Prime Minister of Pakistan, was assassinated by two gunshots to the chest in a public meeting of the Muslim City League at Municipal Park, Rawalpindi by Saad Akbar Babrak, an Afghan from the Zadran tribe Pacha Khan Zadran.
• 1954 March 1: U.S. Capitol shooting incident by Puerto Rican nationalists wounded five Congressmen.^[30]
• 1955 April 11: Air India "Kashmir Princess" (Lockheed Constellation) went down on the sea near Natuna Islands, Indonesia after a bomb explosion, killing 16 people. The plane was chartered by the People's Republic of China (PRC) government for carrying an official delegation to Bandung Conference in Bandung, Indonesia. Possible suspects included a Kuomintang (Chinese Nationalist Party) secret agent who put the bomb in the aircraft during transit in Hong Kong, intending to kill PRC Prime Minister Zhou Enlai.^[31]
• 1955 August 28: Lynching of Emmett Louis Till in Mississippi.^[32]
• 1955, August: Members of the Algerian FLN massacred civilians in the town of Philippeville.
• 1956 September 30: The FLN set off bombs at the office of Air France and elsewhere in Algiers.
• 1958 October 12: Bombing of the Hebrew Benevolent Congregation Temple in Atlanta, Georgia, suspected to have been done by white separatists.^[33]

[edit] 1960s

• 1960 March 4: Possible bombing of the Belgian ammunition carrier La Coubre in the port of Habana, killing over 30 people.
• 1961 April 8: Omani terrorists blew up the passenger liner MV Dara, killing 238 people.
• 1963: 16th Street Baptist Church bombing. A member of the Ku Klux Klan bombed a Church in Birmingham, Alabama, killing four girls aged 11-14.
• 1965: The Ku Klux Klan murdered Viola Liuzzo, a Southern-raised white mother of five who was visiting the South from her home in Detroit to attend a civil rights march. At the time of her murder, Liuzzo was transporting Civil Rights Marchers.
• 1965: The Monumental Plot - New York Police thwarted an attempt to dynamite the Statue of Liberty, Liberty Bell, and the Washington Monument by three members of the pro-Castro Black Liberation Front and a Quebec Separatist.^[34]
• 1966 March 8: A group of former IRA men planted a bomb which destroyed Nelson's Pillar in Dublin.
• 1966: Ulster Volunteer Force declared war on the IRA; on June 26, they committed three sectarian murders.
• 1966: NAACP leader Vernon Dahme was assassinated by a firebomb, exploded by the Ku Klux Klan.
• 1966 September 22: A bazooka attack on the Cuban embassy in Ottawa was made.
• 1966 October 5: Anti-Castro forces bombed the offices of the Cuban trade delegation in Ottawa.
• 1967: May - December: The Hong Kong 1967 riots evolved from civil disobedience into terrorism. Leftists killed at least 51 people including eleven policemen, a bomb expert of the British forces and a fireman, through murders or bombs.
• 1968: During a student rebellion at Columbia University, members of the Students for a Democratic Society and Student Afro-American Society held a Dean hostage, demanding an end to both military research on campus and construction of a gymnasium in nearby Harlem.^[35]
• 1968 December 26: Two Palestinian gunmen travelled from Beirut to Athens and attacked an El Al jet there, killing one person.
• 1969 January 22: Viktor Ilyin attempted to assassinate Leonid Brezhnev killing a driver.
• 1969 February 13: the Front de Libération du Québec (FLQ) set off a powerful bomb which ripped through the Montreal Stock Exchange, causing massive destruction and seriously injuring 27 people.
• 1969 December 12: The Piazza Fontana bombing in Milan killed 16 people.

[edit] 1970s-2000s

1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

[edit] See also

• Category:Terrorism by country
• Terrorist organizations
• List of assassinated persons
• Aircraft hijacking
• List of events named massacres

[edit] References

[edit] External links

• U.S. National Counterterrorism Center's Worldwide Incidents Tracking System
• Global Terrorism Database, successor to the Terrorism Knowledge Base
• Fatal Terrorist Attacks in Israel since the Declaration of Principles (September 1993) to September 2000
• Assassination of Liaquat Ali Khan: Documents from the U.S. National Archives
• US State Department's List of Significant Terrorist Incidents (1961 - 2003)
• Terrorism Incidents at the Open Directory Project
• Terrorism Time Line
• History of Terrorism : Timeline of Terrorist Acts - Chronology
• Thinkquest: Timeline of Terror
• Time.com: A Timeline of Terrorism - Hits and Misses
• Infoplease: Terrorist Attacks on Americans
• Infoplease: Terrorist Attacks (within the United States or against Americans abroad)
• Frontline : Terrorist Attacks on Americans
• PBS FRONTLINE/New York Times "Al Qaeda's New Front" Chronology of significant plots uncovered in Europe both before and after 9/11. January 2004
• "Ephéméride Anarchiste" Listing anarchist terrorist incidents in France, or others countries. In French.

v • d • e List of Terrorist Incidents Terrorism List of designated terrorist organizations · List of ETA attacks · List of Qassam rocket attacks Particular years 1970 · 1971 · 1972 · 1973 · 1974 · 1975 · 1976 · 1977 · 1978 · 1979 · 1980 · 1981 · 1982 · 1983 · 1984 · 1985 · 1986 · 1987 · 1988 · 1989 · 1990 · 1991 · 1992 · 1993 · 1994 · 1995 · 1996 · 1997 · 1998 · 1999 · 2000 · 2001 · 2002 · 2003 · 2004 · 2005 · 2006 · 2007 · 2008 · 2009