Great Attractor
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The Great Attractor is a gravity anomaly in intergalactic space within the range of the Centaurus Supercluster that reveals the existence of a localised concentration of mass equivalent to tens of thousands of Milky Ways, observable by its effect on the motion of galaxies and their associated clusters over a region hundreds of millions of light years across.
These galaxies are all redshifted, in accordance with the Hubble Flow, indicating that they are receding relative to us and to each other, but the variations in their redshift are sufficient to reveal the existence of the anomaly. The variations in their redshifts are known as peculiar velocities, and cover a range from about +700 km/s to -700 km/s, depending on the angular deviation from the direction to the Great Attractor.
[edit] Location
The first indications of a deviation from uniform expansion of the universe were reported in 1973 and again in 1978. The location of the Great Attractor was finally determined in 1986, and is situated at a distance of somewhere between 150 and 250 Mly (47-79Mpc) (the latter being the most recent estimate) from the Milky Way, in the direction of the Hydra and Centaurus constellations. That region of space is dominated by the Norma cluster (ACO 3627),[1][2] a massive cluster of galaxies, containing a preponderance of large, old galaxies, many of which are colliding with their neighbours, and/or radiating large amounts of radio waves.
Attempts to further study the Great Attractor and other phenomena are hampered due to line of sight obstruction by its location in the zone of avoidance (the part of the night sky obscured by the Milky Way galaxy).
[edit] In fiction
- The Great Attractor is an element of Stephen Baxter's Xeelee Sequence of novels (eg. Ring). Baxter's super-aliens, the Xeelee, have dedicated their billion-year old existence to building a massive spinning ring of broken down stellar material light-years across - the Great Attractor - so as to rip a hole through space at its center of rotation, a hole to another universe, through which they can escape a universe and an ultimate existence they know to be doomed.
- In the motion picture Men in Black, J (Will Smith) accidentally sends a small, shiny object flying and bouncing around MIB headquarters, causing a commotion. K (Tommy Lee Jones) explains to him that "This caused the 1977 New York blackout. A practical joke by the Great Attractor. He thought it was funny as hell."
- In Terry Pratchett's Discworld series, Azrael, the cosmic representation of the Death of Universes, is known as the Great Attractor.
- The Great Attractor is mentioned in the "Pip and Flinx" series by novelist Alan Dean Foster, in the book Flinx's Folly. The Great Attractor is referenced as an attempt of an ancient alien race to create something with enough gravitational pull to move the Milky Way, among other galaxies.
- In the BBC Past Doctor novel The Quantum Archangel, the Sixth Doctor reveals that the Great Attractor is actually the location of the Mad Mind of Bophemeral, an insane supercomputer that triggered the Millennium War, a thousand-year conflict featuring every race active in the universe at that time, in its attempt to destroy creation. At the conclusion of the novel the Great Attractor is destroyed in a confrontation between it and the Chronovore Kronos, although the distance between it and Earth means that it will be a hundred and fifty million years before the light from the explosion reaches us.
- In the video game Final Fantasy VIII, one of the forms of the final boss has an attack called Great Attractor, which involves magical tendrils pulling three planets and an asteroid toward the player's party to inflict damage.
[edit] Further reading
- Dressler, Alan. Voyage to the Great Attractor: Exploring Intergalactic Space. New York, Alfred A. Knopf, 1994.
[edit] References
- ^ R. C. Kraan-Korteweg, in Lecture Notes in Physics 556, edited by D. Pageand J.G. Hirsch, p. 301 (Springer, Berlin, 2000).
- ^ One theory claims the Great Attractor is a supercluster (possibly the Shapley Supercluster), "with Abell 3627 near its center." (NASA's Ask an Astrophysicist: The Great Attractor)
