Jazz standard
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
A jazz standard is a jazz tune that is held in continuing esteem and which is widely known, performed, and recorded among jazz musicians as part of the jazz musical repertoire. There is no definitive list of jazz standards, and the list of songs deemed to be "jazz standards" changes over time. Moreover, there are different jazz standards for the different musical styles and subgenres that make up jazz, such as swing, bebop, and fusion.
In many cases, songs that have become jazz standards were not originally composed by a jazz musician. Instead, they were used as the foundation for jazz arrangements, reharmonization, or improvisation by jazz performers or composers. Nevertheless, the songs commonly included in jazz fake books (books containing the melodies and chords to jazz songs) and those that have been widely recorded are a rough guide to the list of jazz standards.
Many jazz standards have a long history, and they are based on old popular tunes, Broadway or musical selections, or old recordings of famous bands from the Great American Songbook. In some cases, the version of a song that becomes a jazz standard is a reharmonized or altered version of the original song. Jazz musicians also include a wide range of 1950s and 1960s Bebop and Hard Bop tunes in their standards.
The development of a repertoire of jazz standards has created a shortlist of songs that are widely known by jazz musicians from different countries and jazz subgenre traditions. This shortlist makes it easier for jazz musicians to flesh out their song list for performances, or improvise over in familiar chord changes during jam sessions with musicians that they have just met. As well, the jazz standard repertoire is often performed by "working musicians" who play in bars, lounges, and supper clubs.
[edit] Standards from different eras
Well-known standards from the Dixieland era, such as "Basin Street Blues", "When the Saints Go Marching In", and "I Got Rhythm" are known even to non-jazz fans. The chord progression from "I Got Rhythm", known as "Rhythm changes", became a popular foundation for new jazz tunes in subsequent decades. "Mainstream" or "evergreen" jazz standards such as "All of Me", "My Funny Valentine", "Tea for Two" and "Stella by Starlight" are performed by jazz performers from a wide range of jazz subgenres.
Swing band standards include "It Don't Mean a Thing (If It Ain't Got That Swing)" and "Take the "A" Train". Bebop standards include: "Now's the Time" and "Well You Needn't". Bossa nova standards include: "Blue Bossa", "The Girl from Ipanema", and "One Note Samba".
Modal and Postbop standards include "Impressions", "So What", "All Blues", and "Footprints". Latin and funk standards include "Little Sunflower" and "The Chicken".
[edit] See also
- Category: Jazz standards - a structural list
- Blues standard
- Pop standards
- List of jazz standards
[edit] External links
- Jazzstandards.com - catalogue of over 1000 standards, ranked by the number of jazz artists who have recorded each one; also historical and biographical information
- www.JazzPla.net - includes almost 3000 standards, with scanned partitures of songs (harmony and theme) of pre- and post-war jazz
- Real Book Chord Charts - Transposable with playback capability
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