Chutzpah
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Chutzpah (IPA: /ˈxʊtspə/) is the quality of audacity, for good or for bad. The word derives from the Hebrew word ḥuṣpâ (חֻצְפָּה), meaning "insolence", "audacity", and "impertinence." The modern English usage of the word has taken on a wider spectrum of meaning, however, having been popularized through vernacular use, film, literature, and television.
In Hebrew, chutzpah is used indignantly, to describe someone who has over-stepped the boundaries of accepted behavior with no shame. But in Yiddish and English, chutzpah has developed ambivalent and even positive connotations. Chutzpah can be used to express admiration for non-conformist but gutsy audacity. Leo Rosten in The Joys of Yiddish defines chutzpah as "gall, brazen nerve, effrontery, incredible 'guts,' presumption plus arrogance such as no other word and no other language can do justice to." In this sense, chutzpah expresses both strong disapproval and a grudging admiration.
The word has also entered Polish from Yiddish and is written as "hucpa" in Polish. It likewise means arrogance, audacity and shamelessness.
One example given of the ultimate of chutzpah is: "A boy, having just been convicted of murdering his parents, begs the judge for leniency because he is an orphan."[1]
Related terms in Hebrew are khatsuf (חצוף) and khatsufah (חצופֿה), which means an "impudent man" and an "impudent woman", respectively.
[edit] References in popular culture
- Alan Dershowitz entitled his bestselling book of essays Chutzpah. Norman Finkelstein titled his book responding to Dershowitz's claims on Israel Beyond Chutzpah. [2]
- Leo Stoller controversially claims to own a trademark on the word. [3]
- Judge Alex Kozinski and Eugene Volokh in an article entitled Lawsuit Shmawsuit, note the rise in use of Yiddish words in legal opinion. They note that chutzpah has been used 231 times in legal opinions, with all but eleven of those after 1980.[1]
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ a b Kozinski, Alex; Eugene Volokh (1993). "Lawsuit Shmawsuit". Yale Law Journal 103: 463. doi:. http://www.law.ucla.edu/volokh/yiddish.htm. Retrieved on 2007-06-24.
- ^ Wiener, Jon (2005-07-11). "Giving Chutzpah New Meaning". The Nation. http://www.thenation.com/doc/20050711/wiener. Retrieved on 2007-06-24.
- ^ Moynihan, Colin (2005-07-04). "He Says He Owns the Word 'Stealth' (Actually, He Claims 'Chutzpah,' Too)". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2005/07/04/business/04stealth.html?ei=5090&en=c28d9a3d86540f87&ex=1278129600&adxnnl=1&partner=rssuserland&emc=rss&pagewanted=all&adxnnlx=1127937947-/c8i04PW509GmBxfcxM08g. Retrieved on 2007-06-24. "Through Rentamark, Mr. Stoller offers licensing agreements for other words he says he owns and controls, such as bootlegger, hoax and chutzpah, and sells t-shirts and other merchandise through what the Web site calls its "stealth mall.""
