Windows-1252

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Windows-1252 (also known as WinLatin1) is a character encoding of the Latin alphabet, used by default in the legacy components of Microsoft Windows in English and some other Western languages. It is one version within the group of Windows code pages. In LaTeX packages, it is referred to as ansinew. The encoding is a superset of ISO 8859-1, but differs from the IANA's ISO-8859-1 by using displayable characters rather than control characters in the 0x80 to 0x9F range. It is known to Windows by the code page number 1252, and by the IANA-approved name "windows-1252". This code page also contains all the printable characters that are in ISO 8859-15 (though some are mapped to different code points).

The use of Unicode (often in UTF-8 form) is slowly replacing use of 8-bit "code pages" such as Windows-1252.

Many web browsers and email clients treat the MIME charset ISO-8859-1 as Windows-1252, and so codes from it are often seen in web pages that declare their encoding erroneously as ISO-8859-1. However, there can be difficulties from the use of such characters, particularly when the recipient is using a non-Windows system, or systems that attempt to fully implement the standards.

The term "ANSI code page" is also used to refer to code pages used in Windows, like Windows-1252. Even though Windows-1252 is considered an ANSI code page in Microsoft Windows parlance, the code page has never been standardized by ANSI. The name has been taken from an early ANSI draft, that later was modified and became ISO-8859-1. Thus, Windows-1252 is a non-standard code page and is called an ANSI code page for historical reasons. Microsoft has stated that "The term ANSI as used to signify Windows code pages is a historical reference, but is nowadays a misnomer that continues to persist in the Windows community"[1].

[edit] Codepage layout

The following table shows Windows-1252, with differences from ISO-8859-1 outlined. Each character is shown with its Unicode equivalent right below and its decimal code at the bottom.

Windows-1252 (CP1252)
	—0	—1	—2	—3	—4	—5	—6	—7	—8	—9	—A	—B	—C	—D	—E	—F
0−	NUL 0000 0	SOH 0001 1	STX 0002 2	ETX 0003 3	EOT 0004 4	ENQ 0005 5	ACK 0006 6	BEL 0007 7	BS 0008 8	HT 0009 9	LF 000A 10	VT 000B 11	FF 000C 12	CR 000D 13	SO 000E 14	SI 000F 15
1−	DLE 0010 16	DC1 0011 17	DC2 0012 18	DC3 0013 19	DC4 0014 20	NAK 0015 21	SYN 0016 22	ETB 0017 23	CAN 0018 24	EM 0019 25	SUB 001A 26	ESC 001B 27	FS 001C 28	GS 001D 29	RS 001E 30	US 001F 31
2−	SP 0020 32	! 0021 33	" 0022 34	# 0023 35	$ 0024 36	% 0025 37	& 0026 38	' 0027 39	( 0028 40	) 0029 41	* 002A 42	+ 002B 43	, 002C 44	- 002D 45	. 002E 46	/ 002F 47
3−	0 0030 48	1 0031 49	2 0032 50	3 0033 51	4 0034 52	5 0035 53	6 0036 54	7 0037 55	8 0038 56	9 0039 57	: 003A 58	; 003B 59	< 003C 60	= 003D 61	> 003E 62	? 003F 63
4−	@ 0040 64	A 0041 65	B 0042 66	C 0043 67	D 0044 68	E 0045 69	F 0046 70	G 0047 71	H 0048 72	I 0049 73	J 004A 74	K 004B 75	L 004C 76	M 004D 77	N 004E 78	O 004F 79
5−	P 0050 80	Q 0051 81	R 0052 82	S 0053 83	T 0054 84	U 0055 85	V 0056 86	W 0057 87	X 0058 88	Y 0059 89	Z 005A 90	[ 005B 91	\ 005C 92	] 005D 93	^ 005E 94	_ 005F 95
6−	` 0060 96	a 0061 97	b 0062 98	c 0063 99	d 0064 100	e 0065 101	f 0066 102	g 0067 103	h 0068 104	i 0069 105	j 006A 106	k 006B 107	l 006C 108	m 006D 109	n 006E 110	o 006F 111
7−	p 0070 112	q 0071 113	r 0072 114	s 0073 115	t 0074 116	u 0075 117	v 0076 118	w 0077 119	x 0078 120	y 0079 121	z 007A 122	{ 007B 123	\| 007C 124	} 007D 125	~ 007E 126	DEL 007F 127
8−	€ 20AC 128		‚ 201A 130	ƒ 0192 131	„ 201E 132	… 2026 133	† 2020 134	‡ 2021 135	ˆ 02C6 136	‰ 2030 137	Š 0160 138	‹ 2039 139	Œ 0152 140		Ž 017D 142
9−		‘ 2018 145	’ 2019 146	“ 201C 147	” 201D 148	• 2022 149	– 2013 150	— 2014 151	˜ 02DC 152	™ 2122 153	š 0161 154	› 203A 155	œ 0153 156		ž 017E 158	Ÿ 0178 159
A−	NBSP 00A0 160	¡ 00A1 161	¢ 00A2 162	£ 00A3 163	¤ 00A4 164	¥ 00A5 165	¦ 00A6 166	§ 00A7 167	¨ 00A8 168	© 00A9 169	ª 00AA 170	« 00AB 171	¬ 00AC 172	SHY 00AD 173	® 00AE 174	¯ 00AF 175
B−	° 00B0 176	± 00B1 177	² 00B2 178	³ 00B3 179	´ 00B4 180	µ 00B5 181	¶ 00B6 182	· 00B7 183	¸ 00B8 184	¹ 00B9 185	º 00BA 186	» 00BB 187	¼ 00BC 188	½ 00BD 189	¾ 00BE 190	¿ 00BF 191
C−	À 00C0 192	Á 00C1 193	Â 00C2 194	Ã 00C3 195	Ä 00C4 196	Å 00C5 197	Æ 00C6 198	Ç 00C7 199	È 00C8 200	É 00C9 201	Ê 00CA 202	Ë 00CB 203	Ì 00CC 204	Í 00CD 205	Î 00CE 206	Ï 00CF 207
D−	Ð 00D0 208	Ñ 00D1 209	Ò 00D2 210	Ó 00D3 211	Ô 00D4 212	Õ 00D5 213	Ö 00D6 214	× 00D7 215	Ø 00D8 216	Ù 00D9 217	Ú 00DA 218	Û 00DB 219	Ü 00DC 220	Ý 00DD 221	Þ 00DE 222	ß 00DF 223
E−	à 00E0 224	á 00E1 225	â 00E2 226	ã 00E3 227	ä 00E4 228	å 00E5 229	æ 00E6 230	ç 00E7 231	è 00E8 232	é 00E9 233	ê 00EA 234	ë 00EB 235	ì 00EC 236	í 00ED 237	î 00EE 238	ï 00EF 239
F−	ð 00F0 240	ñ 00F1 241	ò 00F2 242	ó 00F3 243	ô 00F4 244	õ 00F5 245	ö 00F6 246	÷ 00F7 247	ø 00F8 248	ù 00F9 249	ú 00FA 250	û 00FB 251	ü 00FC 252	ý 00FD 253	þ 00FE 254	ÿ 00FF 255

Legend: yellow cells are control characters, blue cells are punctuation, purple cells are numbers, green cells are ASCII letters, and tan cells are international letters.

According to the information on Microsoft's and the Unicode Consortium's websites, positions 81, 8D, 8F, 90, and 9D are unused. However the Windows API call for converting from code pages to Unicode maps these to the corresponding C1 control codes. The euro character at position 80 was not present in earlier versions of this code page, nor were the S and Z with caron (háček).

In US English Windows, the characters from Windows-1252 can be inserted by holding down the Alt key and entering a zero followed by the character's three-digit decimal code on the numpad. , in any other language version it is also possible after adding one of these languages and then changing to it while typing the code. (By omitting the zero one can also enter characters from the older code page 437 in this way.)

In other Western European versions of Windows (e.g. Italian, British English, Dutch, French, German, Portugese, Spanish), entering of the Windows-1252 characters will work in the same way, yet when omitting the leading zero, characters from alternative code page 850, rather than 437, will usually be entered.

In other versions of Windows, it is also possible to enter the characters from the Windows-1252 code page. To achieve this, it is necessary to add one of the Western European languages first, and then change to this language before entering the code. Many Microsoft programs, such as Word create Windows-1252 characters automatically, even when none were entered.

[edit] Mozilla software and Windows-1252

Web pages and e-mails encoded with Windows-1252 are often displayed incorrectly if the web-page or e-mail does not correctly indicate the code-page in its headers. The code page can be specified for individual web-pages or e-mails by selecting "View --> Character Encoding --> Western (Windows-1252)" from the menu for Mozilla Firefox, Mozilla Thunderbird, and other Mozilla Foundation products. This problem originates from a decision by the Mozilla developers to conform to broad standards in this case and ignore the influence Microsoft standards have had on many actual web pages.

This problem is often apparent when a large number of this symbol is present in a web-page: �. However, these symbols don't always disappear with the solution presented here, as it could be caused by any kind of character encoding mismatch. Encoding mismatches for Windows-1252 are by far the most common for English language web-pages, though.

[edit] See also

[edit] External links

[edit] References

Windows-1252

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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[edit] Codepage layout

[edit] Mozilla software and Windows-1252

[edit] See also

[edit] External links

[edit] References

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