Ginger beer
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Ginger beer is a carbonated soft drink that is flavored primarily with ginger, lemon, and sugar. It is rarely produced as an alcoholic beverage.
It originated in England in the mid-1700s and reached its peak of popularity in the early 1900s.[1] The original recipe requires only ginger, sugar, and water, to which is added a gelatinous substance called "ginger beer plant" (see below). Fermentation over a few days turns the mixture into ginger beer. Lemon may be added. A simple version of this recipe can be made at home today in which the following is bottled in a 2 litre bottle: grated fresh ginger, sugar, a small amount of baker's yeast, and (optionally) lemon juice. It is sealed at room temperature for a day or two before refrigerating.[2]
Instead of using the ginger beer plant, some other form of live culture may be used to produce fermented ginger beer. This is often baker's or brewer's yeast, but can also be a culture of lactic acid bacteria, kefir grains, or tibicos. Ginger beer is fizzy due to carbon dioxide. The alcohol content when produced by the traditional process can be high, up to 11%,[1] although it is possible to ferment ginger beer in such a way as to produce little alcohol. Ginger beer may be mixed with beer (usually a British ale of some sort) to make one type of shandy, and with Gosling's Black Seal rum to make a drink, originally from Bermuda, called a Dark 'N' Stormy. The soda version of ginger beer is the main ingredient in the Moscow Mule cocktail.
The beverage produced industrially today is often not brewed (fermented). Such ginger beer is carbonated with pressurized carbon dioxide, does not contain alcohol, and is sold as a soft drink. Ginger beer is similar to ginger ale except that it has a significantly stronger ginger taste, often being described as ginger ale with a kick to it. Its other distinctive properties include its traditional cloudy appearance, its predominately citrus sour taste base and its spicy ginger bite.
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[edit] History
Ginger beer was first produced as an alcoholic beverage in the 1700s. It became very popular in Britain and North America. Today, it is almost always produced as a soft drink.
It was brought to the Ionian Islands by the British Army in the 19th century, and is still made by villagers in rural Corfu as a local specialty.
Today in Eastern Africa (especially in Kenya and Tanzania), ginger beer is a very popular drink. It is called tangawizi, which is the Swahili word for ginger. “Stoney Tangawizi” is a product of the Coca-Cola Company.
[edit] Ginger beer plant
Ginger beer plant (GBP) is a fungus (typically occurring in the presence of bacterial symbionts), which must contain the yeast Saccharomyces florentinus (formerly Saccharomyces pyriformis) and the bacterium Lactobacillus hilgardii (formerly Brevibacterium vermiforme).[3][4][5] It forms a gelatinous substance that allows it to be easily transferred from one fermenting substrate to the next, much like kefir grains and tibicos.[6]
The GBP was first described by Harry Marshall Ward in 1892, from samples he received in 1887.[5][7][8] Original ginger beer is made by leaving water, sugar, ginger, and GBP to ferment.
Some modern sources and yeast-based recipes speak of GBP, but it is just a simple yeast culture rather than the original. The original may be found from several commercial sources or from yeast banks.[9] [10] There is also an active Yahoo discussion group[4] dedicated to "the real traditional Ginger Beer Plant" and members of that group may share excess plant material.
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ a b Donald Yates (Spring 2003). "Root Beer and Ginger Beer heritage". http://www.fohbc.com/BandE_Article4.html. Retrieved on 2006-12-06.
- ^ http://biology.clc.uc.edu/fankhauser/Cheese/Ginger_Ale_Ag0.htm
- ^ "Ginger - ginger beer plant". Plant Cultures. 16 June 2006. http://www.plantcultures.org/plants/ginger_food_ginger_beer_plant.html. Retrieved on 2006-12-06.
- ^ a b "Yahoo! group GingerBeerPlant". http://health.groups.yahoo.com/group/GingerBeerPlant/.
- ^ a b Raj B. Apte (22 June 2006). "Lactic Acid Beverages: sour beer, (milk) & soda". http://www2.parc.com/emdl/members/apte/GingerBeer.pdf. Retrieved on 2006-12-06.
- ^ Walter Donald Daker; Maurice Stakey (14 September 1938). "CCLI. Investigation of a Polysaccharide Produced From Sucrose by Betabacterium Vermiformé (Ward-Meyer)" (pdf). http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/picrender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1264278&blobtype=pdf. Retrieved on 2006-12-07.
- ^ "Harry Marshall Ward : Biography". http://www.french4tots.co.uk/HMW/hmw.html. Retrieved on 2006-12-06.
- ^ Vines, Gail (28 September 2002). "Marriage of equals". New Scientist (2362): 50. http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg17523625.800.html.
- ^ "Ginger Beer Plant". Ginger Beer Plant. http://www.gingerbeerplant.net/GetCultures.html. Retrieved on 2009-02-25.
- ^ "Ginger Beer Plant". Fermented Treasures. http://www.fermentedtreasures.com/gingerbp.html. Retrieved on 2006-12-06.
[edit] External links
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Wikibooks Cookbook has a recipe/module on |
- Of the Street Sale of Ginger-Beer, Sherbet, Lemonade,&C., from London Labour and the London Poor, Volume 1, Henry Mayhew, 1851; subsequent pages cover the costs and income of street ginger beer sellers.
