Participatory democracy

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Participatory democracy, sometimes called "direct democracy," is a process promoted by the New Left in the early 1960s and on through the 1980s,[1] emphasizing the broad participation (decision making) of constituents in the direction and operation of political systems. While etymological roots imply that any democracy would rely on the participation of its citizens (the Greek demos and kratos combine to suggest that "the people are in power"), traditional representative democracies tend to limit citizen participation to voting, leaving actual governance to politicians.

Participatory democracy strives to create opportunities for all members of a political group to make meaningful contributions to decision-making, and seeks to broaden the range of people who have access to such opportunities. Because so much information must be gathered for the overall decision-making process to succeed, technology may provide important forces leading to the type of empowerment needed for participatory models, especially those technological tools that enable community narratives and correspond to the accretion of knowledge. Though the limitation of participatory democracy to only be effective in small groups is also an area of study. No one has yet discovered how to link such a style to the national decision making process or how to make this effective on a large scale.[1] Translation of such small but effective participation groups into small world networks is an area currently being studied.[2]

Some scholars argue for refocusing the term 'participatory democracy' on community-based activity within the domain of civil society, based on the belief that a strong non-governmental public sphere is a precondition for the emergence of a strong liberal democracy.[3] These scholars tend to stress the value of separation between the realm of civil society and the formal political realm.[4]

Contents

[edit] Political variants

Political variants of participatory democracy include:

Representative democracy is not generally considered participatory. Bioregional democracy is often but not necessarily participatory. Grassroots democracy is an alternative term that has been used to imply almost any combination of the above.

Participatory politics (or parpolity) is a long-range political theory that also incorporates many of the above and strives to create a political system that will allow people to participate in politics, as much as possible in a face-to-face manner.

Panocracy or 'pantocracy' also has similarities with participatory democracy. However, it avoids the concept of demos or the people having a single view with the inevitable limitations that come from trying to agree what that view is. It also avoids the expectations that attach to anything called democracy.

New concepts such as open source governance, P2P governance, open source politics, and open politics seek to radically increase participation through electronic collaboration tools such as wikis and 'wikigovernment.'

[edit] Social movements practicing participatory democracy

[edit] See also

[edit] External links

[edit] Footnotes

  1. ^ a b Finnegan, William "Affinity Groups and the Movement Against Globalization
  2. ^ Shirky, Clay "Here Comes Everybody"
  3. ^ Alternative Conceptions of Civil Society, edited by Simone Chambers and Will Kymlicka (Princeton University Press, 2002)
  4. ^ The Idea of Civil Society, by Adam B. Seligman (Princeton University Press, 1992)
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