2008-01-10 academic anatomy articles&texts basics behavior biology bob brain cognition gradstuff human kutatás medical mind neuro neuroanatomy neurologia neurology neuroscience overview physiology psychology regions regions" research science

My tags:

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Neuropsychology

Topics

Brain-computer interface Traumatic brain injury Brain regions · Clinical neuropsychology Cognitive neuroscience · Human brain Neuroanatomy · Neurophysiology Phrenology · Misconceptions

Brain functions

Arousal · Attention · Consciousness Decision making · Executive functions Natural language · Learning · Memory Motor coordination · Sensory perception Planning · Problem solving · Thought

People

Arthur L. Benton · David Bohm António Damásio · Phineas Gage Norman Geschwind · Elkhonon Goldberg Patricia Goldman Rakic · Pasko Rakic Donald O. Hebb · Kenneth Heilman Edith Kaplan · Muriel Lezak Benjamin Libet · Rodolfo Llinás Alexander Luria · Brenda Milner Karl H. Pribram · Oliver Sacks Roger W. Sperry · H. M. · K. C.

Tests

Bender-Gestalt Test Benton Visual Retention Test Clinical Dementia Rating Continuous Performance Task Glasgow Coma Scale Hayling and Brixton tests Johari window · Lexical decision task Mini-mental state examination Stroop effect Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale Wisconsin card sorting

Mind and Brain Portal

v • d • e

Anatomical regions of the brain are listed vertically, following hierarchies that are standard in neuroanatomy. Functional, connective and developmental regions are listed horizontally in parentheses where appropriate.

Functional and connective regions defined as systems are categorized at cerebrospinal systems.

Contents 1 Hindbrain (Rhombencephalon) 1.1 Myelencephalon 1.2 Metencephalon 2 Midbrain (mesencephalon) 3 Forebrain (prosencephalon) 3.1 Diencephalon 3.1.1 epithalamus 3.1.2 third ventricle 3.1.3 thalamus 3.1.4 hypothalamus (limbic system) (HPA axis) 3.1.5 subthalamus(HPA axis) 3.1.6 pituitary gland (HPA axis) 3.2 Telencephalon (cerebrum) Cerebral hemispheres 3.2.1 White matter 3.2.2 Subcortical 3.2.3 Rhinencephalon (paleopallium) 3.2.4 Lateral ventricles 3.2.5 Cerebral cortex (neopallium) 4 Neural pathways 4.1 Motor systems 4.2 Nerves 5 Neuroendocrine systems 6 Vascular systems 7 Dural meningeal system 8 Related topic 9 External links

[edit] Hindbrain (Rhombencephalon)

[edit] Myelencephalon

• medulla oblongata
  • medullary pyramids
  • Medullary cranial nerve nuclei
    • Inferior salivatory nucleus
    • Nucleus ambiguus
    • Dorsal nucleus of vagus nerve
    • Hypoglossal nucleus
    • Solitary nucleus

[edit] Metencephalon

• pons
  • Respiratory centres
    • pneumotactic centre
    • apneustic centre
  • Pontine cranial nerve nuclei
    • chief or pontine nucleus of the trigeminal nerve sensory nucleus (V)
    • motor nucleus for the trigeminal nerve (V)
    • abducens nucleus (VI)
    • facial nerve nucleus (VII)
    • vestibulocochlear nuclei (vestibular nuclei and cochlear nuclei) (VIII)
    • Superior salivatory nucleus
• paramedian pontine reticular formation

• cerebellum
  • cerebellar vermis
  • cerebellar hemispheres
    • anterior lobe
    • posterior lobe
    • flocculonodular lobe
  • cerebellar nuclei
    • fastigial nucleus
    • globose nucleus
    • emboliform nucleus
    • dentate nucleus

[edit] Midbrain (mesencephalon)

• tectum
  • inferior colliculi
  • superior colliculi
• mesencephalic duct (cerebral aqueduct, Aqueduct of Sylvius)
• cerebral peduncle
• midbrain tegmentum
  • ventral tegmental area
  • Red Nucleus
  • crus cerebri
• pretectum

[edit] Forebrain (prosencephalon)

[edit] Diencephalon

[edit] epithalamus

• pineal body
• habenular nuclei
• stria medullares
• tenia thalami

[edit] third ventricle

[edit] thalamus

• anterior nuclear group
  • anteroventral nucleus
  • anterodorsal nucleus
  • anteromedial nucleus
• medial nuclear group
  • medial dorsal nucleus
  • midline nuclear group
  • paratenial nucleus
  • reuniens nucleus
  • rhomboidal nucleus
  • intralaminar nuclear group
  • centromedial nucleus
  • parafascicular nucleus
  • paracentral nucleus
  • central lateral nucleus
  • central medial nucleus
• lateral nuclear group
  • lateral dorsal nucleus
  • lateral posterior nucleus
  • pulvinar
• ventral nuclear group
  • ventral anterior nucleus
  • ventral lateral nucleus
  • ventral posterior nucleus
    • Ventral posterior lateral nucleus
    • Ventral posterior medial nucleus
• metathalamus
  • medial geniculate body
  • lateral geniculate body
• thalamic reticular nucleus

[edit] hypothalamus (limbic system) (HPA axis)

• Anterior
  • Medial area
    • Parts of preoptic area
      • Medial preoptic nucleus
    • Suprachiasmatic nucleus
    • Paraventricular nucleus
    • Supraoptic nucleus (mainly)
    • Anterior hypothalamic nucleus
  • Lateral area
    • Parts of preoptic area
      • Lateral preoptic nucleus
    • Anterior part of Lateral nucleus
    • Part of supraoptic nucleus
  • Other nuclei of preoptic area
    • median preoptic nucleus
    • periventricular preoptic nucleus
• Tuberal
  • Medial area
    • Dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus
    • Ventromedial nucleus
    • Arcuate nucleus
  • Lateral area
    • Tuberal part of Lateral nucleus
    • Lateral tuberal nuclei
• Posterior
  • Medial area
    • Mammillary nuclei (part of mammillary bodies)
    • Posterior nucleus
  • Lateral area
    • Posterior part of Lateral nucleus
• optic chiasm
• subfornical organ
• periventricular nucleus
• infundibulum
• tuber cinereum
  • tuberal nucleus
  • tuberomamillary nucleus
• tuberal region
• mammillary bodies
• mammillary nucleus

[edit] subthalamus(HPA axis)

• thalamic nucleus
• zona incerta

[edit] pituitary gland (HPA axis)

• neurohypophysis
• intermediate pituitary
• adenohypophysis

[edit] Telencephalon (cerebrum) Cerebral hemispheres

red:frontal lobe orange:parietal lobe yellow:occipital lobe green: temporal lobe blue:cerebellum black:brainstem

[edit] White matter

• Corona radiata
• Internal capsule
• External capsule
• Extreme capsule
• Arcuate fasciculus
• Uncinate fasciculus

[edit] Subcortical

• Amygdala (limbic system) (limbic lobe) (paleopallium)
  • Central nucleus (autonomic nervous system)
  • Medial nucleus (accessory olfactory system)
  • Cortical and basomedial nuclei (main olfactory system)
  • Lateral and basolateral nuclei (frontotemporal cortical system)
• base head (limbic system) (limbic lobe) (archipallium)
  • Dentate gyrus
  • Cornu ammonis (CA fields)
• Claustrum
• Basal ganglia
  • Striatum(archipallium)
    • Putamen
    • Caudate nucleus
    • Nucleus accumbens
  • Globus pallidus (forms nucleus lentiformis with putamen)
  • Subthalamic nucleus
  • Substantia nigra

[edit] Rhinencephalon (paleopallium)

• Olfactory bulb
• Piriform cortex
• Anterior olfactory nucleus
• Olfactory tract
• Anterior commissure

[edit] Lateral ventricles

[edit] Cerebral cortex (neopallium)

• Frontal lobe
  • Cortex
    • Primary motor cortex (Precentral gyrus, M1)
  • Brodmann area 4 (Primary motor cortex)
    • Prefrontal cortex
    • Supplementary motor cortex
    • Premotor cortex
  • Gyrus
    • Superior frontal gyrus
    • Middle frontal gyrus
    • Inferior frontal gyrus
  • Brodmann areas: 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 24, 25, 32, 33, 44, 45, 46, 47
• Temporal lobe
  • Cortex
    • Primary auditory cortex (A1)
    • A2
    • Inferior temporal cortex
    • Posterior inferior temporal cortex
  • Gyrus
    • Superior temporal gyrus
    • Middle temporal gyrus
    • Inferior temporal gyrus
    • Fusiform gyrus
    • Parahippocampal gyrus
  • Brodmann areas: 9, 20, 21, 22, 27, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 41, 42
• Parietal lobe
  • Cortex
    • Primary somatosensory cortex (S1)
    • S2
    • Posterior parietal cortex
  • Gyrus
    • Postcentral gyrus (Primary somesthetic area)
  • Other
    • Precuneus
  • Brodmann areas 1, 2, 3 (Primary somesthetic area); 5, 7, 23, 26, 29, 31, 39, 40
• Occipital lobe
  • Cortex
    • Primary visual cortex (V1)
    • V2
  • Gyrus
    • Lateral occipital gyrus
  • Other
    • Cuneus
  • Brodmann areas 17 (V1, primary visual cortex); 18, 19
• Insular cortex
• Cingulate cortex
  • Subgenual area 25
  • Anterior cingulate
  • Posterior cingulate
  • Retrosplenial cortex
  • Indusium griseum
  • Brodmann areas 23, 24; 26, 29, 30 (retrosplenial areas); 31, 32

[edit] Neural pathways

• arcuate fasciculus
• cerebral peduncle
• corpus callosum
• pyramidal or corticospinal tract

• Major dopamine pathways dopamine system
  • mesocortical pathway
  • mesolimbic pathway
  • nigrostriatal pathway
  • tuberoinfundibular pathway

• Serotonin Pathways serotonin system
  • Raphe Nuclei

[edit] Motor systems

• motor system
  • extrapyramidal system
  • pyramidal tract
  • alpha system
  • gamma system

[edit] Nerves

• Spinal cord
• brain stem
  • cranial nerves
    • Cranial nerve, (0)
    • Olfactory nerve, (I)
    • Optic nerve (II)
    • Oculomotor nerve (III)
    • Trochlear nerve(IV)
    • Trigeminal nerve (V)
    • Abducens nerve (VI)
    • Facial nerve (VII)
    • Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)
    • Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)
    • Vagus nerve (X)
    • Accessory nerve (XI)
    • Hypoglossal nerve (XII)

[edit] Neuroendocrine systems

• HPA axis

[edit] Vascular systems

• venous systems
• circle of Willis (arterial system)
• blood-brain barrier
• blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier

[edit] Dural meningeal system

• brain-cerebrospinal fluid barrier
• meningeal coverings
  • dura mater
  • arachnoid mater
  • pia mater
• epidural space
• subdural space
• arachnoid septum
• ventricular system
  • cerebrospinal fluid
    • subarachnoid space
      • third ventricle
      • fourth ventricle
      • lateral ventricles
        • Anterior horn
        • Body of lateral ventricle
        • Inferior horn
        • Posterior horn
      • superior cistern
      • cistern of lamina terminalis
      • chaismatic cistern
      • interpeduncular cistern
      • pontine cistern
      • cisterna magna
    • spinal subarachnoid space

[edit] Related topic

• Human brain

v • d • e Nervous system Central nervous system Brain • Spinal cord Peripheral nervous system Somatic Sensory nerve • Motor nerve Autonomic Sympathetic • Parasympathetic • Enteric nervous system

[edit] External links

• High-Resolution Cytoarchitectural Primate Brain Atlases
• View information on various brain regions: images, name in seven languages, location, etc.