Windows Home Server

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Windows Home Server
Part of the Microsoft Windows family
Windows Home Server Console
Developer
Microsoft
Website http://www.microsoft.com/windowshomeserver/
Releases
Release date RTM:16 July 2007/ Retail: 7 November 2007[citation needed]
Current version 6.0.1800.24[1] (20 July 2008[2])[citation needed]
Source model Closed source / Shared source
License Microsoft EULA
Kernel type Hybrid

Windows Home Server, code-named Quattro, is a home server operating system from Microsoft. Announced on 7 January 2007, at the Consumer Electronics Show by Bill Gates, Windows Home Server is intended to be a solution for homes with multiple connected PCs to offer file sharing, automated backups, and remote access.[3][4] It is based on Windows Server 2003 Service Pack 2.[5]

Windows Home Server was released to manufacturing on 16 July 2007 and officially released on 7 November 2007. Power Pack 1 for Windows Home Server was released 20 July 2008[6] and Power Pack 2 was released 24 March 2009.

Contents

[edit] Features

  • Centralized Backup - Allows backup of up to 10 PCs,[7] using Single Instance Store technology to avoid multiple copies of the same file, even if that file exists on multiple PCs.[8]
  • Health Monitoring - Can centrally track the health of all PCs on the network, including antivirus and firewall status.[8]
  • File Sharing - Offers network shares for computers to store the files remotely, acting as a network-attached storage device. Separate categories are provided for common file types like Documents, Music, Pictures and Videos.[8] The files are indexed for fast searching.[9]
  • Printer Sharing - Allows a centralized print server to handle print jobs for all users.[8]
  • Shadow Copy - Takes advantage of Volume Shadow Copy Services to take point in time snapshots that allow older versions of files to be recovered.[10]
  • Headless Operation - No monitor or keyboard is required to manage the device.[8] Remote administration is performed by using the Windows Home Server Console client software provided in the bundle. Also supports Remote Desktop[11] connections to the server while connected to the same LAN.[12]
  • Remote Access Gateway - Allows remote access to any connected PC on the network over the Internet.[12]
  • Media Streaming - Can stream media to a Xbox 360 or other devices supporting Windows Media Connect.[8]
  • Selective Data redundancy - Guards against a single drive failure by duplicating selected data across multiple drives.[8]
  • Expandable Storage - Provides a unified single and easily expandable storage space, removing the need for drive letters.[8]
  • Extensibility through Add-Ins - Add-Ins allow third-party developers to extend the features and functionality of the server. Add-Ins can be developed using the Windows Home Server SDK, to provide additional services to the client computers or work with the data already on the server. Add-Ins can also be ASP.NET applications, hosted in IIS 6 running on WHS.[9]
  • Server Backup - Backs up files which are stored within shared folders on the server to an [external hard drive].

[edit] Technology

Windows Home Server is built on the same codebase as Windows Server 2003 SP2. It includes almost all technologies found in Windows Server 2003 SP2 but has been limited in some areas to remove unneeded complexity or limit its uses. It also includes some new capabilities not found in Windows Server 2003 SP2:

[edit] Home Server Console

While the underlying operating system is built on Windows Server 2003 SP2, the configuration interface is designed to be user friendly enough that it can be set up without prior knowledge of server administration. The configuration interface, called the Home Server Console, is delivered as an RDP application to remote PCs - while the application runs on the server itself, the UI is rendered on the remote system. The Home Server Console client application can be accessed from any Windows PC. The server itself requires no video card or peripherals; it is designed to require only an Ethernet card and at least one Windows XP or Windows Vista computer.

[edit] Drive Extender

Windows Home Server Drive Extender is a file-based replication system that provides three key capabilities:[13]

  • Multi-disk redundancy so that if any given disk fails, data is not lost
  • Arbitrary storage expansion by supporting any type of hard disk drive (Serial ATA, USB, FireWire etc.) in any mixture and capacity — similar in concept to JBOD
  • A single folder namespace (no drive letters)

Users (specifically those who configure a family's home server) deal with storage at two levels: Shared Folders and Disks. The only concepts relevant regarding disks is whether they have been "added" to the home server's storage pool or not and whether the disk appears healthy to the system or not. This is in contrast with Windows' Logical Disk Manager which requires a greater degree of technical understanding in order to correctly configure a RAID array.

Shared Folders have a name, a description, permissions, and a flag indicating whether duplication (redundancy) is on or off for that folder.

If duplication is on for a Shared Folder (which is the default on multi-disk Home Server systems and not applicable to single disk systems) then the files in that Shared Folder are duplicated and the effective storage capacity is halved. However, in situations where a user may not want data duplicated (e.g. TV shows that have been archived to a Windows Home Server from a system running Windows Media Center), Drive Extender provides the capability to not duplicate such files if the server is short on capacity or manually mark a complete content store as not for duplication.

Additional information can be found on the Windows Home Server Technical Brief for Drive Extender

[edit] Computer Backup and Restore

Windows Home Server Computer Backup automatically backs up all of the computers in a home to the server using an image-based system that ensures point-in-time-based restoration of either entire PCs or specific files and folders.[14]. Bare metal, full computer, restores are initiated through a restore bootable CD, file based restores are initiated through the WHS client software which allows the users to open a backup and "drag and drop" files from it. This technology uses Volume Shadow Services (VSS) technology on the client computer to take an image based backup of a running computer. Because the backup operates on data at the cluster level, single instancing can be performed to minimize the amount of data that travels over the network and that will ultimately be stored on the home server. This single instancing gives the server the ability to store only one instance of data, no matter if the data originated from another computer, another file, or even data within the same file.

Computer backup images are not duplicated on the server, so if a server hard drive fails, backups could be lost, however, of course, the original source machine should be available. The "Server Backup" feature added in Power Pack 1 does not include duplication of backup images.

[edit] Remote access

Web Interface showing the shared files UI

The system also offers an SSL secured web browser based interface over the Internet to the shared file stores.[15] The release version offers access to the web interface via a free Windows Live-provided URL, which uses Dynamic DNS. The web interface also allows the uploading to and downloading of files from the content stores.[12] However, there is a limit of 2 GB for a single batch of upload.[11]

The system also acts as an RDP gateway, allowing remote control over the internet of supported internal machines on the home network.[11][15] Currently supported systems are those which would normally support Remote Desktop: Windows XP Professional, Tablet and Media Center editions and Windows Vista Business, Enterprise and, Ultimate editions. The web interface also supports embedding the Remote Desktop ActiveX control, to provide remote access to home computers from within the web interface directly. Remote sessions can also connect to the Home Server console to configure the server over the internet.[11]

[edit] Compatibility

Windows Home Server features integration with Windows XP and Windows Vista through a software installation. Files stored on Windows Home Server can also be available through a Windows share, opening compatibility to a wide variety of operating systems.

64-bit Windows client support was introduced in Power Pack 1[6]. However, Windows XP Professional x64 isn't officially supported.

Integration of the file sharing service as a location for Mac OS X's Time Machine was apparently being considered[16], but upon Mac OS X Leopard's release, Apple had removed the ability to use the SMB file sharing protocol for Time Machine backups.[17] One WHS provider, HP, provides their own plug-in with their home server line capable of Time Machine backup to a home server.[18]

Windows Home Server has no officially supported Domain Controller capability and cannot readily join a Windows Server domain.

[edit] Minimum system requirements

The following minimum specs are needed:[19]

Additionally, the following are required for installation of the operating system only

Dedicated devices will have the operating system pre-installed and may be supplied with a server recovery disk which reloads the OS over a network connection. Examples are HP MediaSmart.[20]

[edit] Resolved issues

[edit] File corruption

The first release of Windows Home Server, RTM (Release to manufacturing), suffered from a file corruption flaw whereby files saved directly to or edited on shares on a WHS device could become corrupted.[21] Only the files that had NTFS Alternate Data Streams were susceptible to the flaw.[22] The flaw led to data corruption only when the server was under heavy load at the time when the file (with ADS) was being saved onto a share.[23]

Backups of client PCs made by Windows Home Server were not susceptible to the flaw.[23]

Even though the issue was first acknowledged in October 2007,[24] Microsoft formally warned users of the seriousness of the flaw on 20 December 2007. Microsoft then issued a list of applications, including Windows Live Photo Gallery, Microsoft OneNote, Microsoft Outlook and SyncToy 2.0, which might have triggered the flaw if they were used to edit the files on a WHS share directly.[21]

This issue was fixed by Power Pack 1, released on July 21, 2008.[6]

[edit] No native backup

Windows Home Server RTM did not include a mechanism for backing up the server. Power Pack 1 added the ability to back up files stored on the Shared Folders, to an external drive.[6] Users can also subscribe to 3rd-party online services, for a fee. However, there remains no way to back up the installed server operating system, nor the backup images from client machines.

[edit] Pricing

While some hardware manufacturers have developed dedicated boxes, Microsoft has also released Windows Home Server to enthusiasts via the usual OEM/System Builder route. In November 2008 Microsoft lowered the price of the WHS System Builder SKU to $100[25]

Users can build their own systems for about $300, including hardware and the operating system.[26]

As of March 23, 2009, Microsoft has also made Windows Home Server available to MSDN and Microsoft Technet subscribers.[27]

[edit] References

  1. ^ "More info on November 2008 update ...". Windows Home Server Team Blog. 2008-11-25. http://blogs.technet.com/homeserver/archive/2008/11/25/more-info-on-november-2008-update.aspx. Retrieved on 2009-2-22. 
  2. ^ "Download Details: Windows Home Server Power Pack 1". Microsoft. 2007-09-24. http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?FamilyID=1a6aef46-db57-401f-814f-6efa26e7a1e. Retrieved on 2008-09-20. 
  3. ^ "Microsoft press release announcing Windows Home Server". Microsoft. 2007-01-07. http://www.microsoft.com/Presspass/press/2007/jan07/01-08WindowsHomeServerPR.mspx. Retrieved on 2007-01-08. 
  4. ^ "Bill Gates keynote at the International Electronics Show 2007". Microsoft. 2007-01-07. http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/exec/billg/speeches/2007/01-07ces.mspx. Retrieved on 2007-01-08. 
  5. ^ Dan Fernandez (28 January 2007). "Windows Home Server for Hobbyist Developers". MSDN Blogs. http://blogs.msdn.com/danielfe/archive/2007/01/26/windows-home-server-for-hobbyist-developers.aspx. Retrieved on 2007-05-29. 
  6. ^ a b c d "Power Pack 1 - come and get it!". 2008-07-21. http://blogs.technet.com/homeserver/archive/2008/07/21/power-pack-1-come-and-get-it.aspx. Retrieved on 2008-07-22. 
  7. ^ "Windows Home Server Blog : Speaking of the number 10". Microsoft. 2007-05-04. http://blogs.technet.com/homeserver/archive/2007/05/04/speaking-of-the-number-10.aspx. Retrieved on 2007-05-07. 
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h Paul Thurrott (2007-01-07). "Windows Home Server Preview". Windows SuperSite. http://www.winsupersite.com/reviews/whs_preview.asp. Retrieved on 2007-01-08. 
  9. ^ a b "Windows Home Server in depth: Remote Access and SDK". Ars Technica. http://arstechnica.com/reviews/os/Windows-Home-Server-the-Ars-Technica-review.ars/4. Retrieved on 2007-10-15. 
  10. ^ Nathan Weinberg (2007-01-07). "Windows Home Server In Detail". InsideMicrosoft. http://microsoft.blognewschannel.com/archives/2007/01/07/exclusive-windows-home-server-in-detail/. Retrieved on 2007-04-28. 
  11. ^ a b c d "Technical Brief for Windows Home Server Remote Access". http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?FamilyID=8505e3a8-bbbc-445d-ba65-13782661dcb0&DisplayLang=en. Retrieved on 2007-10-04. 
  12. ^ a b c "Remote Access to Files and PCs". Windows Home Server Team Blog. 2007-02-28. http://blogs.technet.com/homeserver/archive/2007/02/28/remote-access-to-files-and-pcs.aspx. Retrieved on 2007-04-28. 
  13. ^ "The Death of the Drive Letter ...". Windows Home Server Team Blog. 2007-02-15. http://blogs.technet.com/homeserver/archive/2007/02/15/the-death-of-the-drive-letter.aspx. Retrieved on 2007-04-28. 
  14. ^ "Home Computer Backup". Windows Home Server Team Blog. 2007-02-08. http://blogs.technet.com/homeserver/archive/2007/02/08/home-computer-backup.aspx. Retrieved on 2007-04-28. 
  15. ^ a b "Microsoft Windows Home Server CTP Privacy Statement". Microsoft Connect. January 2007. http://connect.microsoft.com/WindowsHomeServer/content/content.aspx?ContentID=4318. Retrieved on 2007-04-28. 
  16. ^ "Windows Home Server Preview". Paul Thurrott's SuperSite. 2007-01-07. http://www.winsupersite.com/reviews/whs_preview.asp. Retrieved on 2008-07-02. 
  17. ^ "Windows Home Server & Time Machine Fall Apart". christopherprice.net. 2007-10-26. http://www.christopherprice.net/windows-home-server-time-machine-fall-apart-63.html. Retrieved on 2008-07-02. 
  18. ^ Technology, Expert (2008-12-29). "New HP MediaSmart Server Adds MacOS Time Machine Support". blogspot.com. http://technologyexpert.blogspot.com/2008/12/new-hp-mediasmart-nas-adds-os-x-time.html. Retrieved on 2009-03-02. 
  19. ^ "Windows Home Server: Getting Started". Microsoft. 2007-07-26. http://download.microsoft.com/download/9/c/0/9c0ef09a-585f-4e20-a605-9f225cc11721/WHS_GettingStarted.pdf. Retrieved on 2008-07-14. 
  20. ^ http://www.hp.com/united-states/campaigns/mediasmart-server/index.html?jumpid=ex_r602_link/kimcon/zo/1Q09MediaSmartServer//DM:/351482/30295795/208134550/#/Main/
  21. ^ a b "When you use certain programs to edit files on a home computer that uses Windows Home Server, the files may become corrupted when you save them to the home server". Microsoft. 2007-12-20. http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx/kb/946676/en-us?spid=12624. Retrieved on 2007-12-27. 
  22. ^ "Data files that contain NTFS alternate data streams can be corrupted on a Windows Home Server-based computer". Microsoft. http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx/kb/943393/en-us. 
  23. ^ a b What’s the real story on the Windows Home Server data corruption bug?
  24. ^ "Known Issue: KB943393 - Data corruption issues identified". Microsoft. 2007-10-02. http://forums.microsoft.com/WindowsHomeServer/ShowPost.aspx?PostID=2234532&SiteID=50. Retrieved on 2007-12-27. 
  25. ^ "Windows Home Server price cut, plus surprising storage stats". http://blog.seattletimes.nwsource.com/brierdudley/2008/11/05/windows_home_server_price_cut.html. 
  26. ^ "Build a $379 Windows Home Server". Home Server Hacks. 2008-11-07. http://www.homeserverhacks.com/2008/04/build-green-400-windows-home-server_2871.html. 
  27. ^ "Windows Home Server - Now available on MSDN". Windows Home Server Team Blog. 2009-03-23. http://blogs.technet.com/homeserver/archive/2009/03/23/windows-home-server-now-available-on-msdn.aspx. 

[edit] External links

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