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Internet media type
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
An Internet media type,[1] originally called a MIME type after MIME and sometimes a Content-type after the name of a header in several protocols whose value is such a type, is a two-part identifier for file formats on the Internet. The identifiers were originally defined in RFC 2046 for use in e-mail sent through SMTP, but their use has expanded to other protocols such as HTTP and SIP.
A media type is composed of at least two parts: a type, a subtype, and one or more optional parameters. For example, subtypes of text type have an optional charset parameter that can be included to indicate the character encoding, and subtypes of multipart type often define a boundary between parts.
Types or subtypes that begin with "x-" are nonstandard -- they cannot be registered with IANA.[2] Subtypes that begin with vnd. are vendor-specific; subtypes in the personal or vanity tree begin with prs..[3]
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[edit] List of common media types
IANA manages a registry of media types and character encodings. The organization makes a list available to the public through the Web. Some of the more notable media types used on the Web are listed below:
- Type
application: Multipurpose filesapplication/EDI-X12: EDI X12 data; Defined in RFC 1767application/EDIFACT: EDI EDIFACT data; Defined in RFC 1767application/javascript: JavaScript; Defined in RFC 4329application/octet-stream: Arbitrary octet stream. This is thought of as the "default" media type used by several operating systems, often used to identify executable files, files of unknown type, or files that should be downloaded in protocols that do not provide a separate "content disposition" header. RFC 2046 specifies this as the fallback for unrecognized subtypes of other types.application/ogg: Ogg, a multimedia bitstream container format; Defined in RFC 3534application/pdf: Portable Document Format, PDF has been in use for document exchange on the Internet since 1993; Defined in RFC 3778application/xhtml+xml: XHTML; Defined by RFC 3236application/xml-dtd: DTD files; Defined by RFC 3023application/json: JavaScript Object Notation JSON; Defined in RFC 4627application/zip: ZIP archive files; Registered[4]
- Type
audio: Audioaudio/mpeg: MP3 or other MPEG audio; Defined in RFC 3003audio/x-ms-wma: Windows Media Audio; Documented in Microsoft KB 288102audio/vnd.rn-realaudio: RealAudio; Documented in RealPlayer Customer Support Answer 2559audio/x-wav: WAV audio
- Type
example - Type
imageimage/gif: GIF image; Defined in RFC 2045 and RFC 2046image/jpeg: JPEG JFIF image; Defined in RFC 2045 and RFC 2046image/png: Portable Network Graphics; Registered[5]image/svg+xml: SVG vector image; Defined in RFC 3023image/tiff: Tag Image File Format; Defined in RFC 3302image/vnd.microsoft.icon: ICO image; Registered[6]
- Type
messagemessage/http
- Type
model: 3D models - Type
multipart: Archives and other objects made of more than one part - Type
text: Human-readable text and source codetext/css: Cascading Style Sheets; Defined in RFC 2318text/csv: Comma-separated values; Defined in RFC 4180text/html: HTML; Defined in RFC 2854text/javascript(Obsolete): JavaScript; Defined in and obsoleted by RFC 4329 in order to discourage its usage in favor ofapplication/javascripttext/plain: Textual data; Defined in RFC 2046 and RFC 3676text/xml: Extensible Markup Language; Defined in RFC 3023
- Type
video: Videovideo/mpeg: MPEG-1 video with multiplexed audio; Defined in RFC 2045 and RFC 2046video/mp4: MP4 video; Defined in RFC 4337video/quicktime: QuickTime video; Registered[7]video/x-ms-wmv: Windows Media Video; Documented in Microsoft KB 288102
- Type
vnd: Vendor Specific Files [8]application/vnd.ms-excel: Microsoft Excel filesapplication/vnd.ms-powerpoint: Microsoft Powerpoint filesapplication/msword: Microsoft Word filesapplication/vnd.mozilla.xul+xml: Mozilla XUL files
- Type
x: Non-standard files[8]application/x-dvi: Digital Video files in DVI formatapplication/x-httpd-php: PHP filesapplication/x-httpd-php-source: PHP source filesapplication/x-latex: LATEX filesapplication/x-shockwave-flash: Adobe Flash files; Documented in Adobe TechNote tn_4151 and Adobe TechNote tn_16509application/x-stuffit: StuffIt archive filesapplication/x-rar-compressed: RAR archive filesapplication/x-tar: Tarball files
[edit] References
- ^ "Internet Media Type registration, consistency of use". W3C. 2002-06-03. http://www.w3.org/2001/tag/2002/0129-mime. Retrieved on 2006-11-29.
- ^ Freed, N. (November 1996). "RFC 2045 - Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) Part One: Format of Internet Message Bodies". IETF. http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2045#section-6.3. Retrieved on 2006-11-29.
- ^ Freed, N.; Klensin, J. (December 2005). "RFC 4288 - Media Type Specifications and Registration Procedures". IETF. http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4288#section-3.2. Retrieved on 2008-06-14.
- ^ http://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/application/zip
- ^ http://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/image/png
- ^ http://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/image/vnd.microsoft.icon
- ^ http://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/video/quicktime
- ^ a b "ContentType". http://www.asptutorial.info/sscript/ContentType.asp. Retrieved on 2008-04-24.
[edit] See also
[edit] External links
- IANA MIME media types list
- RFC 2045, RFC 2046 - Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME), parts 1 and 2
