SAP AG
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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| Type | Aktiengesellschaft (ISIN: DE0007164600, FWB: SAP, NYSE: SAP) |
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| Founded | Weinheim, Germany (1972) |
| Headquarters |  Walldorf, Germany |
| Key people | Henning Kagermann, co-CEO, Leo Apotheker, co-CEO & President, Global Customer Solutions & Operations. Members of the Executive Board: Bill McDermott (Global Field Operations), Jim Hagemann Snabe (Business Solutions & Technology), Erwin Gunst (COO), Gerhard Oswald (Global Service & Support), Claus Heinrich (Human Resources, Processes & Information), John Schwarz (Business Objects), Werner Brandt (Finance & Administration). Hasso Plattner, Chairman of the Supervisory Board |
| Industry | Computer software |
| Products | SAP Business Suite, SAP ERP, SAP Customer Relationship Management (SAP CRM), SAP Supply Chain Management (SAP SCM), SAP Supplier Relationship Management (SAP SRM), SAP Product Lifecycle Management (SAP PLM), SAP NetWeaver, SAP Business One, SAP Business ByDesign, SAP Business All-in-One |
| Revenue | €10.25 billion (2007)[1] |
| Employees | 51,447 (August 2008) |
| Website | www.sap.com |
SAP AG (ISIN: DE0007164600, FWB: SAP, NYSE: SAP) is the largest European software enterprise and the fourth largest in the world, with headquarters in Walldorf, Germany.[2] It is best known for its SAP ERP Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) software.
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[edit] History
SAP was founded in 1972 as Systemanalyse und Programmentwicklung ("System Analysis and Program Development")[3] by five former IBM engineers in Mannheim, Baden-Württemberg (Dietmar Hopp, Hans-Werner Hector, Hasso Plattner, Klaus E. Tschira, and Claus Wellenreuther).[4]
As part of the Xerox exit strategy from the computer industry, Xerox retained IBM to migrate their business systems to IBM technology. As part of IBM's compensation for the migration, IBM acquired the SDS/SAPE software, reportedly for a contract credit of $80,000. The SAPE software was given by IBM to the founding ex-IBM employees in exchange for founding stock provided to IBM, reportedly 8%. Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI) was SAP's first ever customer in 1972.[5]
The acronym was later changed to stand for Systeme, Anwendungen und Produkte in der Datenverarbeitung ("Systems, Applications and Products in Data Processing").
In 1976, "SAP GmbH" was founded and the following year, it moved its headquarters to Walldorf. SAP AG became the company's official name after the 2005 annual general meeting (AG is short for Aktiengesellschaft).
In August 1988, SAP GmbH transferred into SAP AG (a corporation by German law), and public trading started November 4. Shares are listed on the Frankfurt and Stuttgart stock exchanges.[4]
Four of the founding members -- Hopp, Plattner, Tschira and Hector -- form the executive board. In 1995, SAP was included in the German stock index DAX. On 22 September 2003, SAP was included in the Dow Jones STOXX 50.[6] In 1991, Prof. Dr. Henning Kagermann joined the board; Dr. Peter Zencke became a board member in 1993.[7] Claus Heinrich,[8] and Gerhard Oswald [9] have been members of the SAP Executive Board since 1996. Two years later, in 1998, the first change at the helm took place. Dietmar Hopp and Klaus Tschira moved to the supervisory board and Dietmar Hopp was appointed Chairman of the supervisory board. Henning Kagermann was appointed as Co-Chairman and CEO of SAP next to Hasso Plattner. Werner Brandt joined SAP in 2001 as a member of the SAP Executive Board and Chief Financial Officer.[10] Léo Apotheker has been a member of the SAP Executive Board and president of Global Customer Solutions & Operations since 2002, was appointed Deputy CEO in 2007, and then became co-CEO alongside Kagermann in 2008.
Henning Kagermann became the sole CEO of SAP in 2003.[11] In February 2007 his contract was extended until 2009. After continuous disputes over the responsibility of the development organization, Shai Agassi, a member of the executive board who had been named as a potential successor to Kagermann, left the organization.[12] In April 2008, along with the announcement of Leo Apotheker as co-CEO, the SAP supervisory board also appointed to the SAP Executive Board, three new members, effective 1 July 2008: Corporate Officers Erwin Gunst, Bill McDermott and Jim Hagemann Snabe.[13]
[edit] Milestones technical solutions
In 1973 the SAP R/1 solution was launched.[14] Six years later, in 1979, SAP launched SAP R/2.[14] In 1981, SAP brought a completely re-designed solution to market. With the change from R/2 to R/3 in 1992, SAP followed the trend from mainframe computing to client-server architectures. The development of SAP’s internet strategy with mySAP.com redesigned the concept of business processes (integration via Internet).[4] SAP was awarded Industry Week’s Best Managed Companies in 1999.[15]
[edit] Business and markets
SAP is the world's second largest business software company and the third-largest independent software provider in terms of revenues.[16] It operates in three geographic regions – EMEA, which represents Europe, Middle East and Africa; the Americas (SAP America, headquartered in Newtown Square, Pennsylvania), which represents both North America and Latin America; and Asia Pacific Japan (APJ), which represents Japan, Australia, India and parts of Asia. In addition, SAP operates a network of 115 subsidiaries, and has R&D facilities around the globe in Germany, North America, Canada, China, Hungary, India, Israel and Bulgaria, Turkey
SAP focuses on six industry sectors: process industries, discrete industries, consumer industries, service industries, financial services, and public services.[17] It offers more than 25 industry solution portfolios for large enterprises[18] and more than 550 micro-vertical solutions for midsize companies and small businesses.[19]
[edit] SAP and Enterprise Service-Oriented Architecture
Service-oriented architecture moves the ERP landscape toward software-based and web services-based business activities. This move increases adaptability, flexibility, openness and efficiency. The move towards E-SOA helps companies reuse software components and not have to rely as much on in-house enterprise resource planning hardware technologies which helps make ERP adoption more attractive for small- or mid-sized companies.
According to a press fact sheet from SAP, "SAP is the only enterprise applications software vendor that is both building service-orientation directly into its solutions and providing a technology platform (SAP NetWeaver) and guidance to support companies in the development of their own service-oriented architectures spanning both SAP and non-SAP solutions." [20]
[edit] SAP E-SOA Authentication
SAP E-SOA, client certificate-based authentication is the only authentication method (besides username/password) and the only Single Sign-On method to be supported across all SAP technologies. Kerberos and logon tickets, for example, are not compatible with SAP service-oriented architecture. [21] [22]
[edit] Products
SAP's products focus on Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP). The company's main product is SAP ERP. The current version is SAP ERP 6.0 and is part of the SAP Business Suite. Its previous name was called R/3. The "R" of SAP R/3 stood for realtime - even though it is not a realtime solution. The number 3 related to the 3-tier architecture: database, application server and client (SAPgui). R/2, which ran on a Mainframe architecture, was the predecessor of R/3. Before R/2 came System RF, later dubbed R/1.
SAP ERP is one of five enterprise applications in SAP's Business Suite. The other four applications are:
- customer relationship management (CRM) - helps companies acquire and retain customers, gain marketing and customer insight
- product lifecycle management (PLM) - helps manufacturers with product-related information
- supply chain management (SCM) - helps companies with the process of resourcing its manufacturing and service processes
- supplier relationship management (SRM) - enables companies to procure from suppliers
Other major product offerings include: the NetWeaver platform, Governance, Risk and Compliance (GRC) solutions, Duet (joint offering with Microsoft), Performance Management solutions and RFID. SAP offers SOA capabilities (calling it Enterprise SOA) in the form of web services that are wrapped around its applications.
While its original products were typically used by Fortune 500 companies[citation needed], SAP is now also actively targeting small and medium sized enterprises (SME) with its SAP Business One and SAP Business All-in-One.
On 19 September 2007 SAP announced a new product named SAP Business ByDesign. SAP Business ByDesign is a Software as a Service (SaaS) offering, and provides a fully integrated Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) solution, On Demand. SAP Business ByDesign was previously known under the code name "A1S".[23]
SAP officials say there are over 100,600 SAP installations serving more than 41,200 companies in more than 25 industries in more than 120 countries.[24]
But SAP has also in general been criticized for their One-size-fits-all product strategies implying that it now covers such a large scope that it has become a hindrance for company mergers and acquisitions.[citation needed]
[edit] Partnerships
Partnerships are core to SAP’s strategy and in its 35 years of history the network of software solution providers, value-added resellers, distributors, technology and services partners has developed into a broad ecosystem that is among the industry's largest.[25] Opened in June 2007, the SAP Co-Innovation Lab in Palo Alto, Calif. provides an efficient work environment for joint projects with independent software vendors (ISVs), such as Novell, Questra and Wonderware, system integrators (SIs) and technology partners to work together with SAP around current and future technologies. Co-founded by Cisco, Hewlett-Packard, Intel and NetApp, the lab offers a hands-on environment and real-world performance for Web-enabled and Internet/intranet-accessible business applications based on Enterprise SOA.[26]
SAP partners include Global Services Partners with cross-industry multinational consulting capabilities,[27] Global Software Partners providing integrated products that complement SAP Business Suite solutions,[28] and Global Technology Partners providing user companies with a wide range of products to support SAP technology, including vendors of hardware, database, storage systems, networks, and mobile computing technology.[29]
SAP partners with CSC, Capgemini, Deloitte, PricewaterhouseCoopers, Hewlett-Packard, Siemens IT Solutions and Services and Accenture in offering services, including assessment, government and architecture for R3.[30]
[edit] SAP PartnerEdge
SAP solutions for small businesses and midsize companies are delivered through its global partner network. In 2008, SAP signed SAP Global Service partnership with HCL Technologies, a $4.9 b technology service provider, headquartered in India.[31]. The SAP PartnerEdge program, SAP's partner program, offers a set of business enablement resources and program benefits to help partners including value added resellers (VARs) and independent software vendors (ISVs) be profitable and successful in implementing, selling, marketing, developing and delivering SAP solutions to a broad range of customers.[32]
Gartner states that SAP PartnerEdge has "set a new standard for innovation in channel development for the small and midsize business application market."[citation needed]
[edit] Communities
SAP Developer Network (SDN) is a community of developers, consultants, integrators, and business analysts gaining and sharing knowledge about ABAP, Java, .NET, SOA, and other technologies via expert blogs, discussion forums, exclusive downloads and code samples, training materials, and a technical library.[33] The Business Process Expert (BPX) Community is a collaborative environment for business process experts to share information, experiences and best practices to leverage enterprise SOA in order to increase business agility and IT value.[34] The SAP Enterprise Services Community serves as a platform for members from customers, industry experts and partners working collaboratively to define enterprise services.[35] Industry Value Networks (IVN) bring together customers, partners and SAP to co-innovate and develop solutions to solve industry-specific customer challenges. There are currently eleven active IVNs (e.g. Banking, Chemicals, Consumer Products, High Tech, Public Sector, Retail).[36]
[edit] Organization
Functional units of SAP are split across different organizational units for R&D needs, field activities and customer support. SAP Labs are mainly responsible for product development where as the field organizations spread across each country are responsible for field activities such Sales, Marketing, Consulting etc. Head office located in SAP AG is responsible for overall management as well as core Engineering activities related to Product Development. SAP customer support, also called Active Global Support (AGS) is a global organization to provide support to SAP customers worldwide.
[edit] SAP Labs
SAP Labs is the research and development organization of the parent company. SAP has its development organization spread across the globe. Many, but not all, labs locations are hosting SAP Research groups.
Prominent labs are located in Palo Alto, USA; Bangalore, Hyderabad and Gurgaon India; Ra'anana and Karmiel, Israel; Montreal, Canada and Shanghai, China. SAP Labs located in Bangalore is the largest development unit in terms of number of employees outside the SAP headquarters located in Walldorf, Germany.Other SAP Labs locations include France, Bulgaria and Hungary.
Each SAP Lab has prominent area of expertise and focus. SAP Labs in Sofia, Bulgaria for example specializes in development of Java based SAP software products. Whereas, SAP Labs in U.S. is famous for its focus on innovation and research.
[edit] User groups
User Groups are independent, not-for-profit organizations of SAP customer companies and partners within the SAP Ecosystem that provide education to their members, influence SAP product releases and direction, exchange best practices, and provide insight into the market needs. Examples of User Groups are the Americas' SAP Users' Group (ASUG),[37] the German speaking SAP User Group (DSAG),[38] the SAP Australian User Group (SAUG)[39] and the SAP UK & Ireland User Group.[40][41]. Further SAP User Groups can be found at the List of SAP Users' Groups.
In 2007, the SAP User Group Executive Network (SUGEN) has been established to foster the information exchange and best practice sharing among SAP User Groups and to coordinate the collaboration with SAP for strategic topics. [42]
[edit] Competitive landscape
SAP competitors are primarily in the Enterprise Resource Planning Software industry. SAP also competes in the Customer Relationship Management, Marketing & Sales Software, Manufacturing, Warehousing & Industrial Software, and Supply Chain Management & Logistics Software sectors.[43]
Oracle Corporation, SAP's major competitor, filed a case against SAP for malpractice and unfair competition in the California courts on 22 March 2007. The complaint alleged that a Texas subsidiary, SAP TN (formerly TomorrowNow before being purchased by SAP), which provides discount support for legacy Oracle product lines, used the accounts of former Oracle customers to systematically download patches and support documents from Oracle's website and appropriate them for SAP's use.[44][45]. Later SAP admitted wrong-doing on smaller scale than Oracle claimed in the lawsuit.
SAP has admitted to inappropriate downloads; however the company denies the theft of any intellectual property.[46]
SAP is known to grow organically in contrast to its main rival, Oracle, which has been spending US$20 billion since 2004 acquiring 30 smaller competitors. SAP was able to increase its annual profits by 370% since 2002.[47]
In something of a departure from its usual organic growth, on 7 October 2007, SAP announced that it would acquire Business Objects, the market leader in business intelligence software, for $6.8B.[48]
SAP provoked controversy and frustration among its users in 2008 by raising the cost of its maintenance contracts. The issue is the subject of intense discussion among user groups. [49]
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ "SAP profit drops 6% in fourth quarter". Computerworld. http://www.computerworlduk.com/management/it-business/supplier-relations/news/index.cfm?newsid=7253. Retrieved on 2008-02-12.
- ^ Software Top 100: "The World's Largest Software Companies".
- ^ SAP. "Geschichte der SAP - Die ersten zehn Jahre" (in German). http://www.sap.com/germany/about/company/geschichte/geschichte_1.epx. Retrieved on 2008-01-29.
- ^ a b c SAP. "SAP History: From Start-Up Software Vendor to Global Market Leader". http://www.sap.com/company/history.epx. Retrieved on 2007-10-15.
- ^ http://www.sap.com/uk/about/success/casestudies/ici.epx
- ^ Stoxx (2003-09-01) (PDF). STOXX Limited Announces Changes to its Blue-Chip Index Series. Press release. http://www.stoxx.com/download/news/2003/stoxxnews_20030901.pdf. Retrieved on 2007-10-15.
- ^ Hasso Plattner, August-Wilhelm Scheer, Siegfried Wendt and Daniel S. Morrow (2000) (in German). Dem Wandel voraus. Hasso Plattner im Gespräch. Bonn: Galileo Press. ISBN 3-934358-55-1.
- ^ "Executive Board: Claus E. Heinrich". SAP. http://www.sap.com/company/executives/heinrich/index.epx. Retrieved on 2007-10-15.
- ^ "Executive Board: Gerhard Oswald". SAP. http://www.sap.com/company/executives/oswald/index.epx. Retrieved on 2007-10-15.
- ^ "Executive Board: Werner Brandt". SAP. http://www.sap.com/company/executives/brandt/index.epx. Retrieved on 2007-10-15.
- ^ Wharton School (4 October 2006). "Henning Kagermann: Balancing Change and Stability in the Evolution of SAP's Enterprise Software Platform". Knowledge@Wharton. http://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/article.cfm?articleid=1571. Retrieved on 2007-10-15.
- ^ Moad, Jeff (March 28, 2007). "Shai Agassi Leaves SAP". MA News (Thomas Publishing Company). http://www.managingautomation.com/maonline/news/read/Shai_Agassi_Leaves_SAP_28302. Retrieved on 2007-10-15.
- ^ Mary Hayes Weier (2008-04-02). "SAP Promotes Leo Apotheker To Co-CEO". Information Week. http://www.informationweek.com/news/management/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=207001233.
- ^ a b "SAP at a Glance: Press Fact Sheet, April 2007". SAP. http://www.sap.com/company/press/factsheets/corporate.epx. Retrieved on 2007-10-15.
- ^ Verespej, Michael A. (1999-08-16). "Why They're The Best". IndustryWeek (Penton Media, Inc). http://www.industryweek.com/ReadArticle.aspx?ArticleID=420. Retrieved on 2007-10-15.
- ^ Bailor, Coreen (2006-07-05). "For CRM, ERP, and SCM, SAP Leads the Way". http://www.destinationcrm.com/articles/default.asp?ArticleID=6162. Retrieved on 2007-03-29.
- ^ "Business in Brief: Markets". SAP. http://www.sap.com/company/investor/inbrief/markets/index.epx. Retrieved on 2007-10-15.
- ^ "Midmarket Solutions: SAP ALL-IN-ONE – Solutions for mid-size companies". Annual Report 2006. SAP. http://www.sap.com/germany/company/investor/reports/gb2006/en/business/midmarket-solutions-2.html#1. Retrieved on 2007-10-15.
- ^ "Industry Solutions: Innovation - One Industry at a Time". Annual Report 2006. SAP. http://www.sap.com/germany/company/investor/reports/gb2006/en/business/industry-solutions.html. Retrieved on 2007-10-15.
- ^ Enterprise Service-Oriented Architecture: Press Fact Sheet, March 2007
- ^ Kerberos-based SSO and SAP E-SOA
- ^ Adaptable SSO for SAP E-SOA
- ^ Governor, James (2007-09-19). "BusinessByDesign: iPhone for ERP, Or AS/400 for 21stC?". James Governor’s Monkchips. http://redmonk.com/jgovernor/2007/09/19/sap-businessbydesign-iphone-for-erp-or-an-as400-for-the-21st-century. Retrieved on 2007-10-15.
- ^ MarketWatch (19 July 2007). SAP Announces Preliminary 2007 Second Quarter and Six Months Results. Press release. http://www.marketwatch.com/news/story/sap-announces-preliminary-2007-second/story.aspx?guid=%7B1CB403EE%2D17A4%2D418A%2DBC29%2DC290B7CD8EB2%7D&dist=FSQ. Retrieved on 2007-10-15.
- ^ SAP - The SAP Ecosystem: Press Fact Sheet, February 2007
- ^ InternetNews Realtime IT News – SAP Strengthens Silicon Valley Presence
- ^ SAP - Global & Local Partner Directories: Global Services Partners
- ^ SAP - Global & Local Partner Directories: Global Software Partners
- ^ SAP - Global & Local Partner Directories: Global Technology Partners
- ^ "SAP Partners". http://www.sap.com/ecosystem/partners/partnerwithsap/ser.[dead link]
- ^ SAP - HCL Technologies Announces Global Services Partnership With SAP to Deliver Joint Business Value Through ‘Customer Centric Ecosystem’
- ^ SAP - SAP Solutions for Small Businesses and Midsize Companies: Press Fact Sheet, July 2007
- ^ SAP - Communities
- ^ Business Process Expert Community Home
- ^ SAP - SAP Communities of Innovation: Enterprise Services Community
- ^ SAP - SAP Communities of Innovation: Industry Value Network
- ^ "ASUG". http://www.asug.com.
- ^ "DSAG". http://www.dsag.de.
- ^ "SAUG". http://www.saug.com.au.
- ^ "SAP UK &Ireland User Group". http://www.sapusers.org.
- ^ "SAP User Groups". http://www.sap.com/communities/usergroups.epx.
- ^ "SAP User Group Executive Network". http://www.sapinfo.net/en/experts/user_groups/080910_SUGEN_%C3%9Cberblick_EN.html.
- ^ Hoover's. "SAP Competitors". http://hoovers.com/sap/--ID__91277,target__company_competitors--/free-co-samples-index.xhtml.
- ^ Oracle (2007-03-22). Oracle Sues SAP. Press release. http://www.oracle.com/corporate/press/2007_mar/sapsuit.html. Retrieved on 2007-09-03.
- ^ "Oracle Sues SAP". oracle.com. Oracle. http://www.oracle.com/sapsuit. Retrieved on 2007-09-03.
- ^ SAP admits 'inappropriate' Oracle downloads- Times Online
- ^ Konzerne: Einzug ins globale Dorf - Wirtschaft - SPIEGEL ONLINE - Nachrichten
- ^ "SAP to buy Business Objects for $6.8B". The Associated Press. http://www.businessweek.com/ap_working/financialnews/D8S4K2580.htm?chan=top+news_top+news+index_top+story. Retrieved on 2007-10-11.
- ^ SAP faces user wrath over price hikes
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