Chris Marker

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Chris Marker (born 29 July 1921) is a French writer, photographer, film director, multimedia artist and documentary maker.

He is best known for directing La Jetée (1962), as well as Sans Soleil (1983) and AK (1985), a documentary about Japanese filmmaker Akira Kurosawa.

Contents

[edit] Biography

He was born Christian François Bouche-Villeneuve, in Ulan Bator, Mongolia, 1921.[1] In World War II he joined the Maquis (FTP). After the war he began to write and make films. He traveled to many socialist countries and documented what he saw in films and books. Les statues meurent aussi (1953) which he codirected with Alain Resnais was one of the first anticolonial films. Anatole Dauman produced the first films of Chris Marker and later produced two more of his films Sunday in Peking and Letter from Siberia.

He became internationally known for the short film La Jetée (1962). It tells the story of a post-nuclear war experiment in time travel by using a series of filmed photographs developed as a photomontage of varying pace with limited narration and sound effects. This film was the inspiration for Mamoru Oshii's debut live action feature The Red Spectacles (1987) (later for Avalon) and also inspired Terry Gilliam's Twelve Monkeys (1995). It also inspired many of director Mira Nair's shots of the recent film, The Namesake.

In 1982 Marker finished Sans Soleil, stretching the limits of what could be called a documentary. It is an essay, a montage, mixing pieces of documentary with fiction and philosophical comments, creating an atmosphere of dream and science fiction. The main themes are Japan, Africa, (the erasing of) memory and travel. A sequence in the middle of the film takes place in San Francisco, and heavily references Alfred Hitchcock's Vertigo.

Beginning with Sans Soleil he developed a deep interest in digital technology, which led to his film Level 5 (1996) and Immemory (1998, 2008), an interactive multimedia CD-ROM, produced for the Centre Pompidou (French language version) and from Exact Change (English version). Marker created a 19 minute multimedia piece in 2005 for The Museum of Modern Art in New York titled "Owls at Noon Prelude: The Hollow Men" which was influenced by T. S. Eliot's poem.

Chris Marker lives in Paris and does not grant interviews. When asked for a picture of himself, he usually offers a photograph of a cat instead. His cat is named Guillaume-en-egypte.

In the 2007 Criterion Collection release of La Jetée and Sans Soleil, Marker included a short essay entitled "Working on a shoestring budget". He confessed to shooting all of Sans Soleil with a silent film camera and recording all the audio on a primitive audio cassette recorder. Marker also reminds the reader that only one short scene in La Jetée is of a moving image, only being able to borrow a movie camera for one afternoon while working on the film.

[edit] Complete filmography

  • Olympia 52 (1952)
  • Les Statues meurent aussi (1953 with Alain Resnais)
  • Dimanche à Pekin (1956)
  • Lettre de Sibérie (1957)
  • Les Astronautes (1959 with Walerian Borowczyk)
  • Description d'un combat (1960)
  • ¡Cuba Sí! (1961)
  • La Jetée (1962)
  • Le joli mai (1963, 2006 re-cut)
  • Le Mystère Koumiko (1965)
  • Si j'avais quatre dromadaires (1966)
  • Loin du Vietnam (1967)
  • Rhodiacéta (1967)
  • La Sixième face du pentagone (1968 with Reichenbach)
  • Cinétracts (1968)
  • À bientôt, j'espère (1968 with Marret)
  • On vous parle du Brésil: Tortures (1969)
  • Jour de tournage (1969)
  • Classe de lutte (1969)
  • On vous parle de Paris: Maspero, les mots ont un sens (1970)
  • On vous parle du Brésil: Carlos Marighela (1970)
  • La Bataille des dix millions (1971)
  • Le Train en marche (1971)
  • On vous parle de Prague: le deuxième procès d'Artur London (1971)
  • Vive la baleine (1972)
  • L'Ambassade (1973)
  • On vous parle du Chili: ce que disait Allende (1973 with Littin)
  • Puisqu'on vous dit que c'est possible (1974)
  • La Solitude du chanteur de fond (1974)
  • La Spirale (1975)
  • Le Fond de l'air est rouge (1977, 1993 re-cut, 2008 2nd re-cut)[2]
  • Quand le siècle a pris formes (1978)
  • Junkiopa (1981)
  • Sans Soleil (1983)
  • 2084 (1984)
  • From Chris to Christo (1985)
  • Matta (1985)
  • A.K. (1985)
  • Eclats (1986)
  • Mémoires pour Simone (1986)
  • Tokyo Days (1988)
  • Spectre (1988)
  • L'héritage de la chouette (1989)
  • Bestiaire (three short video haiku) (1990)
    • Bestiaire 1. Chat écoutant la musique
    • Bestiaire 2. An owl is An owl is an owl
    • Bestiaire 3. Zoo Piece
  • Getting away with it (1990)
  • Berlin 1990 (1990)
  • Détour Ceausescu (1991)
  • Théorie des ensembles (1991)
  • Coin fenètre (1992)
  • Azulmoon (1992)
  • Le Tombeau d'Alexandre aka The Last Bolshevik (1992)
  • Le 20 heurs dans les camps (1993)
  • SLON Tango (1993)
  • Bullfight in Okinawa (1994)
  • Eclipse (1994)
  • Haiku (1994)
    • Haiku 1. Petite Ceinture
    • Haiku 2. Chaika
    • Haiku 3. Owl Gets in Your Eyes
  • Casque bleu (1995)
  • Silent Movie (1995)
  • Level Five (1997)
  • Un maire au Kosovo (2000)
  • One Day in the Life of Andrei Arsenevich (2000)
  • Le facteur sonne toujours cheval (2001)
  • Avril inquiet (2001)
  • Le souvenir d'un avenir (with Bellon 2003)
  • Chats Perchés (2004) - a documentary about M. Chat street art
  • Leila Attacks (2006)

[edit] Collaborations

  • Nuit et Brouillard (Resnais 1955)
    • Note: In a 1995 interview Resnais states that the final version of the commentary was a collaboration between Marker and Jean Cayrol (source: Film Comment).
  • Les hommes de la baleine (Ruspoli 1956)
    • Note: under the pseudonym "Jacopo Berenizi" Marker wrote the commentary for this short about whale hunters in the Azores. The two would return to this topic in 1972's Vive la Baleine (Film Comment).
  • Le mystere de l'atelier quinze (Resnais et Heinrich 1957)
    • Note: Marker wrote the commentary for this fictional short (Film Comment).
  • Le Siècle a soif (Vogel 1958)
    • Note: Marker wrote and spoke all the commentary for this short film about fruit juice in Alexandrine verse (Film Comment).
  • La Mer et les jours (Vogel et Kaminker 1958)
    • Note: Marker present commentary for this "somber work about the daily lives of fishermen on Brittany's Île de Sein" (Film Comment).
  • L'Amérique insolite (Reichenbach 1958)
    • Note: Marker was eventually credited as a writer for this one, apparently, he wrote the dialogue (Film Comment).
  • Django Reinhardt (Paviot 1959)
    • Note: Marker narrated this one (Film Comment).
  • Jouer à Paris (Varlin 1962)
    • Note: This was edited by Marker - essentially, this film is a 27-minute postscript to Le Joli Mai assembled from leftover footage and organized around a new commentary (Film Comment).
  • A Valparaiso (Ivens 1963)
    • Note: This gem was written by Marker. It feels like a Marker film.
  • Les Chemins de la fortune (Kassovitz 1964)
    • Note: Marker apparently helped edit and organise this Venezuela travelogue (Film Comment).
  • La Douceur du village (Reichenbach 1964)
    • Note: Edited by Marker.
  • La Brûlure de mille soleils (Kast 1964)
    • Note: Marker edited this (mostly) animated science-fiction exstentialist short and (possibly) collaborated on the script (Film Comment).
  • Le volcan interdit (Tazieff 1966)
    • Note: Marker narrates this volcano documentary.
  • Europort-Rotterdam (Ivens 1966)
    • Note: Marker did the textual adaptation (Film Comment.
  • On vous parle de Flins (Devart 1970)
    • Note: Marker helped film and edit this short (Film Comment).
  • L'Afrique express (Tessier et Lang 1970)
    • Note: Marker wrote the introductory text for this film under the name "Boris Villeneuve" (Film Comment).
  • Kashima Paradise (Le Masson et Deswarte 1974)
    • Note: Marker collaborated on the commentary on this documentary about the destruction of Kashima and Narita (Film Comment).
  • La Batalla de Chile (Guzman, 1975-1976)
    • Note: Marker helped produce and contributed to the screenplay for this, perhaps the greatest of all documentary films (Film Comment).
  • One Sister and Many Brothers (Makavejev 1994)
    • Note: Marker tapes Makavejev circulating among the guests of a party in his honor as much jovial backslapping abounds (Film comment).

[edit] Bibliography (self-contained works by Marker)

  • Le Cœur Net (1949, Editions du Seuil, Paris)
  • Commentaires I (1961, Editions du Seuil, Paris)
  • Coréennes (1962, photographs, Editions du Seuil, Paris)
  • Commentaires II (1967, Editions du Seuil, Paris)
  • Le Dépays (1982, Editions Herscher, Paris)
  • Silent Movie (1995, Ohio State University Press)
  • La Jetée ciné-roman (1996 / 2nd printing 2008, MIT Press, Cambridge; designed by Bruce Mau)
  • Staring Back (2007, MIT Press, Cambridge)
  • Immemory (1997,2008, Exact Change, Cambridge)

[edit] References

  1. ^ Thomson, David. A New Biographical Dictionary of Film, 4th ed. London: Little Brown, 2002. (p. 503) "The previous edition and other reference books give Belleville, France, as his place of birth—but Marker told me himself that Mongolia is correct."
  2. ^ Rot liegt in der Luft - ARTE

[edit] External links

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Marker"
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