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List of nearest stars
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This list of stars nearest to the Earth is ordered by increasing distance out to a maximum of 5 parsecs (16.308 light-years). Including the Solar System, there are currently 50 stellar systems known which may lie within this distance. These systems contain a total of 65 known stars and 4 known brown dwarfs.
Stars and brown dwarfs which have an apparent magnitude greater than 6.5, and which consequently cannot typically be observed with the naked eye,[1] are shown in light blue. The classes of the stars and brown dwarfs are shown in the color of their spectral types. (These colors are derived from conventional names for the spectral types and do not reflect the star's observed color.) Some parallax and distance results were measured by the Research Consortium on Nearby Stars (RECONS) and may be only preliminary measurements.[2]
The only first-magnitude stars on this list are Alpha Centauri, Sirius, and Procyon. See also List of nearest bright stars.
Contents |
[edit] List
| # | Designation | Stellar class | Apparent magnitude (mV) | Absolute magnitude (MV) | Eff. temperature Teff in K (±err) |
Epoch J2000.0 | Parallax[2][3] Arcseconds(±err) |
Distance[4] Light-years (±err) |
Additional references |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| System | Star | Right ascension[2] | Declination[2] | ||||||||
| Solar System | Sun (Sol) | G2V[2] | −26.72[2] | 4.85[2] | 5,778[5] | variable: the Sun travels along the ecliptic | 180° | 0.0000158(3) or 8.32(16) light-minutes |
has 8 planets | ||
| 1 | Alpha Centauri (Rigil Kentaurus; Toliman) |
Proxima Centauri (V645 Centauri) | M5.5Ve | 11.09[2] | 15.53[2] | 3,040[6] | 14h 29m 43.0s | −62° 40′ 46″ | 0.768 87(0 29)″[7][8] | 4.2421(16) | [9] |
| α Centauri A (HD 128620) | G2V[2] | 0.01[2] | 4.38[2] | 5,790[6] | 14h 39m 36.5s | −60° 50′ 02″ | 0.747 23(1 17)″[7][10] | 4.3650(68) | |||
| α Centauri B (HD 128621) | K0V[2] | 1.34[2] | 5.71[2] | 5,260[6] | 14h 39m 35.1s | −60° 50′ 14″ | |||||
| 2 | Barnard's Star (BD+04°3561a) | M4.0Ve | 9.53[2] | 13.22[2] | 3,134(102)[11] | 17h 57m 48.5s | +04° 41′ 36″ | 0.546 98(1 00)″[7][8] | 5.9630(109) | ||
| 3 | Wolf 359 (CN Leonis) | M6.0V[2] | 13.44[2] | 16.55[2] | 2,800(100)[12] | 10h 56m 29.2s | +07° 00′ 53″ | 0.419 10(2 10)″[7] | 7.7825(390) | ||
| 4 | Lalande 21185 (BD+36°2147) | M2.0V[2] | 7.47[2] | 10.44[2] | 3,400[13] | 11h 03m 20.2s | +35° 58′ 12″ | 0.393 42(0 70)″[7][8] | 8.2905(148) | ||
| 5 | Sirius (α Canis Majoris) |
Sirius A | A1V[2] | −1.43[2] | 1.47[2] | 9,940(210)[14] | 06h 45m 08.9s | −16° 42′ 58″ | 0.380 02(1 28)″[7][8] | 8.5828(289) | |
| Sirius B | DA2[2] | 8.44[2] | 11.34[2] | 25,000(200)[15] | |||||||
| 6 | Luyten 726-8 | Luyten 726-8 A (BL Ceti) | M5.5Ve | 12.54[2] | 15.40[2] | 2,670 | 01h 39m 01.3s | −17° 57′ 01″ | 0.373 70(2 70)″[7] | 8.7280(631) | |
| Luyten 726-8 B (UV Ceti) | M6.0Ve | 12.99[2] | 15.85[2] | ~2,600 | |||||||
| 7 | Ross 154 (V1216 Sagittarii) | M3.5Ve | 10.43[2] | 13.07[2] | 2,700 | 18h 49m 49.4s | −23° 50′ 10″ | 0.336 90(1 78)″[7][8] | 9.6813(512) | ||
| 8 | Ross 248 (HH Andromedae) | M5.5Ve | 12.29[2] | 14.79[2] | ? | 23h 41m 54.7s | +44° 10′ 30″ | 0.316 00(1 10)″[7] | 10.322(36) | ||
| 9 | Epsilon Eridani (BD−09°697) | K2V[2] | 3.73[2] | 6.19[2] | 5,100 | 03h 32m 55.8s | −09° 27′ 30″ | 0.309 99(0 79)″[7][8] | 10.522(27) | has a planet? | |
| 10 | Lacaille 9352 (CD−36°15693) | M1.5Ve | 7.34[2] | 9.75[2] | 3,340 | 23h 05m 52.0s | −35° 51′ 11″ | 0.303 64(0 87)″[7][8] | 10.742(31) | ||
| 11 | Ross 128 (FI Virginis) | M4.0Vn | 11.13[2] | 13.51[2] | 2,800 | 11h 47m 44.4s | +00° 48′ 16″ | 0.298 72(1 35)″[7][8] | 10.919(49) | ||
| 12 | EZ Aquarii (GJ 866, Luyten 789-6) |
EZ Aquarii A | M5.0Ve | 13.33[2] | 15.64[2] | ? | 22h 38m 33.4s | −15° 18′ 07″ | 0.289 50(4 40)″[7] | 11.266(171) | |
| EZ Aquarii B | M? | 13.27[2] | 15.58[2] | ? | |||||||
| EZ Aquarii C | M? | 14.03[2] | 16.34[2] | ? | |||||||
| 13 | Procyon (α Canis Minoris) |
Procyon A | F5V-IV[2] | 0.38[2] | 2.66[2] | 6,650 | 07h 39m 18.1s | +05° 13′ 30″ | 0.286 05(0 81)″[7][8] | 11.402(32) | |
| Procyon B | DA[2] | 10.70[2] | 12.98[2] | 9,700 | |||||||
| 14 | 61 Cygni | 61 Cygni A (BD+38°4343) | K5.0V[2] | 5.21[2] | 7.49[2] | 4,640 | 21h 06m 53.9s | +38° 44′ 58″ | 0.286 04(0 56)″[7][8] | 11.403(22) | |
| 61 Cygni B (BD+38°4344) | K7.0V[2] | 6.03[2] | 8.31[2] | 4,440 | 21h 06m 55.3s | +38° 44′ 31″ | |||||
| 15 | Struve 2398 (GJ 725, BD+59°1915) |
Struve 2398 A (HD 173739) | M3.0V[2] | 8.90[2] | 11.16[2] | ? | 18h 42m 46.7s | +59° 37′ 49″ | 0.283 00(1 69)″[7][8] | 11.525(69) | |
| Struve 2398 B (HD 173740) | M3.5V[2] | 9.69[2] | 11.95[2] | ? | 18h 42m 46.9s | +59° 37′ 37″ | |||||
| 16 | Groombridge 34 (GJ 15) |
Groombridge 34 A (GX Andromedae) | M1.5V[2] | 8.08[2] | 10.32[2] | ? | 0h 18m 22.9s | +44° 01′ 23″ | 0.280 59(0 95)″[7][8] | 11.624(39) | |
| Groombridge 34 B (GQ Andromedae) | M3.5V[2] | 11.06[2] | 13.30[2] | ? | |||||||
| 17 | Epsilon Indi (CPD−57°10015) |
Epsilon Indi A | K5Ve[2] | 4.69[2] | 6.89[2] | 4,280 | 22h 03m 21.7s | −56° 47′ 10″ | 0.275 84(0 69)″[7][8] | 11.824(30) | |
| Epsilon Indi Ba | T1.0V | >23 | >25 | 1,280 | 22h 04m 10.5s | −56° 46′ 58″ | |||||
| Epsilon Indi Bb | T6.0V | >23 | >25 | 850 | |||||||
| 18 | DX Cancri (G 51-15) | M6.5Ve | 14.78[2] | 16.98[2] | ? | 08h 29m 49.5s | +26° 46′ 37″ | 0.275 80(3 00)″[7] | 11.826(129) | ||
| 19 | Tau Ceti (BD−16°295) | G8Vp[2] | 3.49[2] | 5.68[2] | 5,344 | 01h 44m 04.1s | −15° 56′ 15″ | 0.274 39(0 76)″[7][8] | 11.887(33) | ||
| 20 | GJ 1061 (LHS 1565) | M5.5V[2] | 13.09[2] | 15.26[2] | ? | 03h 35m 59.7s | −44° 30′ 45″ | 0.272 01(1 30)″[16] | 11.991(57) | [17][18] | |
| 21 | YZ Ceti (LHS 138) | M4.5V[2] | 12.02[2] | 14.17[2] | ? | 01h 12m 30.6s | −16° 59′ 56″ | 0.268 84(2 95)″[7][8] | 12.132(133) | ||
| 22 | Luyten's Star (BD+05°1668) | M3.5Vn | 9.86[2] | 11.97[2] | ? | 07h 27m 24.5s | +05° 13′ 33″ | 0.263 76(1 25)″[7][8] | 12.366(59) | ||
| 23 | Teegarden's star (SO025300.5+165258) | M6.5V | 15.14[2] | 17.22[2] | ? | 02h 53m 00.9s | +16° 52′ 53″ | 0.260 63(2 69)″[16] | 12.514(129) | [18] | |
| 24 | SCR 1845-6357 | SCR 1845-6357 A | M8.5V[2] | 17.39 | 19.41 | ? | 18h 45m 05.3s | −63° 57′ 48″ | 0.259 45(1 11)″[16] | 12.571(54) | [18] |
| SCR 1845-6357 B | T6[19] | ? | ? | 950[19] | 18h 45m 02.6s | −63° 57′ 52″ | |||||
| 25 | Kapteyn's Star (CD−45°1841) | M1.5V[2] | 8.84[2] | 10.87[2] | 3,800 | 05h 11m 40.6s | −45° 01′ 06″ | 0.255 27(0 86)″[7][8] | 12.777(43) | ||
| 26 | Lacaille 8760 (AX Microscopii) | M0.0V[2] | 6.67[2] | 8.69[2] | 3,340 | 21h 17m 15.3s | −38° 52′ 03″ | 0.253 43(1 12)″[7][8] | 12.870(57) | ||
| 27 | Kruger 60 (BD+56°2783) |
Kruger 60 A | M3.0V[2] | 9.79[2] | 11.76[2] | 3,180 | 22h 27m 59.5s | +57° 41′ 45″ | 0.248 06(1 39)″[7][10] | 13.149(74) | |
| Kruger 60 B (DO Cephei) | M4.0V[2] | 11.41[2] | 13.38[2] | 2,890 | |||||||
| 28 | DEN 1048-3956 | M8.5V[2] | 17.39[2] | 19.37[2] | ? | 10h 48m 14.7s | −39° 56′ 06″ | 0.247 71(1 55)″[16] | 13.167(82) | [20][21] | |
| 29 | Ross 614 (V577 Monocerotis, GJ 234) |
Ross 614A (LHS 1849) | M4.5V[2] | 11.15[2] | 13.09[2] | ? | 06h 29m 23.4s | −02° 48′ 50″ | 0.244 34(2 01)″[7][10] | 13.349(110) | |
| Ross 614B (LHS 1850) | M5.5V | 14.23[2] | 16.17[2] | ? | |||||||
| 30 | Gl 628 (Wolf 1061, BD−12°4523) | M3.0V[2] | 10.07[2] | 11.93[2] | ? | 16h 30m 18.1s | −12° 39′ 45″ | 0.236 01(1 67)″[7][8] | 13.820(98) | ||
| 31 | Van Maanen's star (Gl 35, LHS 7) | DZ7[2] | 12.38[2] | 14.21[2] | ? | 00h 49m 09.9s | +05° 23′ 19″ | 0.231 88(1 79)″[7][8] | 14.066(109) | ||
| 32 | Gl 1 (CD−37°15492) | M3.0V[2] | 8.55[2] | 10.35[2] | ? | 00h 05m 24.4s | −37° 21′ 27″ | 0.229 20(1 07)″[7][8] | 14.231(66) | ||
| 33 | Wolf 424 (FL Virginis, LHS 333, GJ 473) |
Wolf 424 A | M5.5Ve | 13.18[2] | 14.97[2] | ? | 12h 33m 17.2s | +09° 01′ 15″ | 0.227 90(4 60)″ [7] | 14.312(289) | |
| Wolf 424 B | M7Ve | 13.17[2] | 14.96[2] | ? | |||||||
| 34 | TZ Arietis (GJ 83.1, Luyten 1159-16) | M4.5V[2] | 12.27[2] | 14.03[2] | ? | 02h 00m 13.2s | +13° 03′ 08″ | 0.224 80(2 90)″[7] | 14.509(187) | ||
| 35 | Gl 687 (LHS 450, BD+68°946) | M3.0V[2] | 9.17[2] | 10.89[2] | ? | 17h 36m 25.9s | +68° 20′ 21″ | 0.220 49(0 82)″[7][8] | 14.793(55) | ||
| 36 | LHS 292 (LP 731-58) | M6.5V[2] | 15.60[2] | 17.32[2] | ? | 10h 48m 12.6s | −11° 20′ 14″ | 0.220 30(3 60)″[7] | 14.805(242) | ||
| 37 | Gl 674 (LHS 449) | M3.0V[2] | 9.38[2] | 11.09[2] | ? | 17h 28m 39.9s | −46° 53′ 43″ | 0.220 25(1 59)″[7][8] | 14.809(107) | ||
| 38 | GJ 1245 | GJ 1245 A | M5.5V[2] | 13.46[2] | 15.17[2] | ? | 19h 53m 54.2s | +44° 24′ 55″ | 0.220 20(1 00)″[7] | 14.812(67) | |
| GJ 1245 B | M6.0V[2] | 14.01[2] | 15.72[2] | ? | 19h 53m 55.2s | +44° 24′ 56″ | |||||
| GJ 1245 C | M? | 16.75[2] | 18.46[2] | ? | 19h 53m 54.2s | +44° 24′ 55″ | |||||
| 39 | GJ 440 (WD 1142-645) | DQ6[2] | 11.50[2] | 13.18[2] | 7,500 | 11h 45m 42.9s | −64° 50′ 29″ | 0.216 57(2 01)″[7][8] | 15.060(140) | ||
| 40 | GJ 1002 | M5.5V[2] | 13.76[2] | 15.40[2] | ? | 00h 06m 43.8s | −07° 32′ 22″ | 0.213 00(3 60)″[7] | 15.313(259) | ||
| 41 | Gliese 876 (Ross 780) | M3.5V[2] | 10.17[2] | 11.81[2] | 3,480 | 22h 53m 16.7s | −14° 15′ 49″ | 0.212 59(1 96)″[7][8] | 15.342(141) | has 3 planets | |
| 42 | LHS 288 (Luyten 143-23) | M5.5V[2] | 13.90[2] | 15.51[2] | ? | 10h 44m 21.2s | −61° 12′ 36″ | 0.208 95(2 73)″[16] | 15.610(204) | [18] | |
| 43 | GJ 412 | GJ 412 A | M1.0V[2] | 8.77[2] | 10.34[2] | ? | 11h 05m 28.6s | +43° 31′ 36″ | 0.206 02(1 08)″[7][8] | 15.832(83) | |
| GJ 412 B (WX Ursae Majoris) | M5.5V[2] | 14.48[2] | 16.05[2] | ? | 11h 05m 30.4s | +43° 31′ 18″ | |||||
| 44 | Groombridge 1618 (GJ 380) | K7.0V[2] | 6.59[2] | 8.16[2] | 4,000 | 10h 11m 22.1s | +49° 27′ 15″ | 0.205 81(0 67)″[7][8] | 15.848(52) | ||
| 45 | GJ 388 | M3.0V[2] | 9.32[2] | 10.87[2] | ? | 10h 19m 36.4s | +19° 52′ 10″ | 0.204 60(2 80)″[7] | 15.942(218) | ||
| 46 | GJ 832 | M3.0V[2] | 8.66[2] | 10.20[2] | ? | 21h 33m 34.0s | −49° 00′ 32″ | 0.202 78(1 32)″[7][8] | 16.085(105) | ||
| 47 | LP 944-020 | M9.0V[2] | 18.50[2] | 20.02[2] | ? | 03h 39m 35.2s | −35° 25′ 41″ | 0.201 40(4 20)″[22] | 16.195(338) | ||
| 48 | DEN 0255-4700 | L7.5V[2] | 22.92[2] | 24.44[2] | ? | 02h 55m 03.7s | −47° 00′ 52″ | 0.201 37(3 89)″[16] | 16.197(313) | [21] | |
| Parallax margin of error overlaps 0.200″ | |||||||||||
| 49 | GJ 682 | M4.5V[2] | 10.95[2] | 12.45[2] | ? | 17h 37m 03.7s | −44° 19′ 09″ | 0.199 65(2 30)″[7][8] | 16.337(188) | ||
| # | System | Star | Stellar class | Apparent magnitude (mV) | Absolute magnitude (MV) | Eff. temperature Teff in K (±err) |
Right ascension[2] | Declination[2] | Parallax[2][3] Arcseconds(±err) |
Distance[4] Light-years (±err) |
Additional references |
| Designation | Epoch J2000.0 | ||||||||||
[edit] Map of nearby stars
The following map shows all of the 32 star systems within 14 light-years of the Sun (shown as Sol). Double and triple stars are shown "stacked," but the true location is the star closest to the central plane. Color corresponds to the table above.
[edit] See also
- Interstellar travel
- List of nearest bright stars
- List of nearest galaxies
- Lists of stars
- Nearby Stars Database
[edit] References
- ^ Weaver, Harold F. (1947). "The Visibility of Stars Without Optical Aid". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific 59 (350): 232–243. http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1947PASP...59..232W. Retrieved on 2007-02-04.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh ei ej ek el em en eo ep eq er es et eu ev ew ex ey ez fa fb fc fd fe ff fg fh fi fj fk fl fm fn fo fp fq fr fs ft fu fv fw fx fy fz ga gb gc Research Consortium on Nearby Stars, GSU (2007-September 17). "The One Hundred Nearest Star Systems". RECONS. http://www.chara.gsu.edu/RECONS/TOP100.posted.htm. Retrieved on 2007-11-06.
- ^ a b Parallaxes given by RECONS are a weighted mean of values in the sources given, as well as measurements by the RECONS program.
- ^ a b From parallax.
- ^ Sun Fact Sheet, NASA. Accessed on line November 8, 2007.
- ^ a b c Kervella, Pierre; Thevenin, Frederic (March 15, 2003). "A Family Portrait of the Alpha Centauri System: VLT Interferometer Studies the Nearest Stars". ESO Press Release 05/03 (ESO). http://www.eso.org/public/outreach/press-rel/pr-2003/pr-05-03.html. Retrieved on 2007-11-08.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq General Catalogue of Trigonometric Parallaxes.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac Hipparcos Catalogue.
- ^ Burgasser et al. 2000
- ^ a b c Visual binary orbits and masses post Hipparcos, Staffan Söderhjelm, Astronomy and Astrophysics 341 (January 1999), pp. 121–140.
- ^ Barnard's Star and the M Dwarf Temperature Scale, P. C. Dawson and M. M. de Robertis, The Astronomical Journal 127, #5 (May 2004), pp. 2909–2914. doi:10.1086/383289
- ^ Ya. V. Pavlenko, H. R. A. Jones, Yu. Lyubchik, J. Tennyson, and D. J. Pinfield (February 2006). "Spectral energy distribution for GJ406". Astronomy and Astrophysics 447 (2): 709–717. doi:. http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006A&A...447..709P.
- ^ Carbon monoxide bands in M dwarfs, Y. V. Pavlenko and H. R. A. Jones, Astronomy and Astrophysics 396 (December 2002), pp. 967–975. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20021454
- ^ Table 2, The physical properties of normal A stars, Saul J. Adelman, pp. 1–11, The A-Star Puzzle, Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union, edited by J. Zverko, J. Ziznovsky, S. J. Adelman, and W. W. Weiss, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2004. doi:10.1017/S1743921304004314
- ^ Adopted value, The Age and Progenitor Mass of Sirius B, James Liebert, Patrick A. Young, David Arnett, J.B. Holberg, and Kurtis A. Williams, The Astrophysical Journal 630, #1 (September 2005), pp. L69–L72.
- ^ a b c d e f Systems with their first accurate trigonometric parallaxes measured by RECONS
- ^ The solar neighborhood IV: discovery of the twentieth nearest star, Todd J. Henry, Philip A. Ianna, J. Davy Kirkpatrick, Hartmut Jahreiss, The Astronomical Journal 114, #1 (July 1997), pp. 388–395. doi:10.1086/118482
- ^ a b c d The Solar Neighborhood. XVII. Parallax Results from the CTIOPI 0.9 m Program: 20 New Members of the RECONS 10 Parsec Sample, Todd J. Henry, Wei-Chun Jao, John P. Subasavage, Thomas D. Beaulieu, Philip A. Ianna, Edgardo Costa, René A. Méndez, The Astronomical Journal 132, #6 (December 2006), pp. 2360–2371. doi:10.1086/508233
- ^ a b The very nearby M/T dwarf binary SCR 1845-6357, Markus Kasper, Beth A. Biller, Adam Burrows, Wolfgang Brandner, Jano Budaj, and Laird M. Close, Astronomy and Astrophysics 471, #2 (August 2007), pp. 655–659. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20077881
- ^ The Solar Neighborhood. XIII. Parallax Results from the CTIOPI 0.9 Meter Program: Stars with μ >= 1.0" yr-1 (Motion sample), Wei-Chun Jao, Todd J. Henry, John P. Subasavage, Misty A. Brown, Philip A. Ianna, Jennifer L. Bartlett, Edgardo Costa, René A. Méndez, The Astronomical Journal 129, #4 (April 2005), pp. 1954–1967. doi:10.1086/428489
- ^ a b The Solar Neighborhood. XIV. Parallaxes from the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory Parallax Investigation—First Results from the 1.5 m Telescope Program, Edgardo Costa, René A. Méndez, W.-C. Jao, Todd J. Henry, John P. Subasavage, Misty A. Brown, Philip A. Ianna, and Jennifer Bartlett, The Astronomical Journal 130, #1 (July 2005), pp. 337–349. doi:10.1086/430473
- ^ CCD astrometry of southern very low-mass stars, C. G. Tinney, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 281, #2 (July 1996), pp. 644–658.
[edit] External links
- "NStars database". NAU. http://nstars.nau.edu. Retrieved on 2005-10-24.
- "100 nearest star systems". RECONS. http://www.chara.gsu.edu/RECONS/TOP100.posted.htm. Retrieved on 2008-11-19.
- "Map of the 25 nearest star systems". NASA. http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap010318.html. Retrieved on 2005-10-24.
- "Notable Nearby Stars". SolStation. http://www.solstation.com/stars.htm. Retrieved on 2005-10-24.
- "Cool stars in the solar Neighbourhood". D. Montes, UCM. http://www.ucm.es/info/Astrof/invest/actividad/cool_NS.html. Retrieved on 2005-11-14.
- The dynamics of the closest stars
- Takeda, G.; E. B. Ford, A. Sills, F. A. Rasio, D. A. Fischer, J. A. Valenti (2006). "Structure and Evolution of Nearby Stars with Planets II. Physical Properties of ~ 1000 Cool Stars from the SPOCS Catalog". California & Carnegie Planet Search. http://exoplanets.org/SPOCS_evol.html. Retrieved on 2006-10-13.
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