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These are lists of regions and countries sorted by their estimated real gross domestic product (GDP) in terms of purchasing power parity (PPP), the value of all final goods and services produced within a country/region in a given year.[citation needed]. GDP dollar (international dollar) estimates here are derived from PPP estimates.
For the earlier dates there is an almost complete lack of the kind of hard data that today is used to calculate GDP values.[citation needed] Furthermore even population estimates for the different countries during those time periods often vary by 50% and more.[citation needed]
In some of these lists, the term country corresponds to the geographical region of the country being referred to, not the country itself.[citation needed] Most of the information below is based on estimates by economic historian Angus Maddison, former professor at Groningen University. Estimates are for the periods from the 1st century to 1998, with figures in millions of international dollars, and shares of world GDP are also given.
Maddison' assumptions have been criticized and admired by academics and journalists. Bryan Haig, who has characterized Maddison's figures for 19th century Australia as "inaccurate and irrelevant"[1], by John Caldwell, in whose assessment Maddison's arguments have a "dangerous circularity"[2], by W. W. Rostow, according to whom, "This excessive macroeconomic bias also causes him (Maddison) to mis-date, in my view, the beginning of what he calls the capitalist era at 1820 rather than, say, the mid-1780s[3], and by W. J. MacPherson who has described Maddison's work on India and Pakistan of using "dubious comparative data."[4]
Economist and Journalist Evan Davis has praised Maddison's research by citing it as a "fantastic publication" and that it was "based on the detailed scholarship of the world expert on historical economic data Angus Maddison." He also added that "One shouldn't read the book in the belief the statistics are accurate to 12 decimal places."[5]
- ^ Haig, Bryan. 2005. "Review of The World Economy: Historical Statistics by Angus Maddison," Economic Reports, volume 81.
- ^ Caldwell, John C. (Sept. 2002), "Reviewed Work(s): The World Economy: A Millennial Perspective by Angus Maddison", Population and Development Review, Vol. 28, No. 3., pp. 559-561.
- ^ Rostow, W. W.. "Reviewed Work(s): Phases of Capitalist Development. by Angus Maddison," The Journal of Economic History, Vol. 45, No. 4. (Dec., 1985), pp. 1026-1028.
- ^ MacPherson, W. J. "Reviewed Work(s): Class Structure and Economic Growth. India and Pakistan since the Moghuls by Angus Maddison." The Economic Journal, Vol. 82, No. 328. (Dec., 1972), pp. 1470-1472.
- ^ http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/4337203.stm.
- ^ a b c d These estimates refer to the combined economy of the various states located in the regions now corresponding to the Republic of India, Pakistan and Bangladesh.
- ^ Goldsmith (p. 263, 267).
- ^ a b c Maddison (2003)
- ^ a b c d e These estimates refer to the combined economy of the various states located in the region corresponding to the former Russian Empire.
- ^ The combined GDP of West Asia, Egypt, Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Sicily and southern Italy (estimated as 50% of Italy), Spain and Portugual was $21,640 in 1000, in Maddison (2003).
- ^ a b c These estimates refer to the combined economy of the various states located in the region now corresponding to the United States.
- ^ The combined GDP of Spain, the Duchy of Milan, the Kingdom of Naples, Sicily and Sardinia (estimated as 50% of Italy), South America, Central America, Belgium, Mexico and Portugal (part of the Spanish Empire from 1580 to 1640).
- ^ The combined GDP of Spain, the Duchy of Milan, the Kingdom of Naples, Sicily and Sardinia (estimated as 50% of Italy), South America, Central America, Belgium and Mexico.
- ^ The combined GDP of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, British India, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Ceylon, Hong Kong, Singapore and South Africa was about $265 billion in 1870, in Maddison (2006).
- ^ The combined GDP of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, British India, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Ceylon, Malaya, Hong Kong, Singapore, Egypt, Ghana and South Africa is about $547 billion in 1913, in Maddison (2006). The combined GDP of the remaining territories was estimated by multiplying the average Asian (not including China, India or Japan) and African GDP per capita by the combined populations of the remaining Asian and African territories respectively.
[edit] Bibliography
[edit] See also
- Region specific
[edit] External links
