Information Age
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
 |
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding reliable references (ideally, using inline citations). Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (September 2008) |
 |
This article may need to be rewritten entirely to comply with Wikipedia's quality standards. You can help. The discussion page may contain suggestions. (March 2009) |
 |
It has been suggested that Digital Revolution be merged into this article or section. (Discuss) |
The Information Age, also known commonly as the Computer Age or Information Era, is an idea that the current age will be characterised by the ability of individuals to transfer information freely, and to have instant access to knowledge that would have previously have been difficult or impossible to find. The idea is heavily linked to the concept of a Digital Age or Digital Revolution, and carries the ramifications of a shift from traditional industry that the Industrial Revolution brought through industrialisation, to an economy based around the manipulation of information. The period is generally said to have begun within 10 years of 1990,[1] with the development of the internet seen as a key part of this change.
Contents |
[edit] The Internet
The Internet was originally conceived as a distributed, fail-proof network that could connect computers together and be resistant to any one point of failure; the Internet can't be totally destroyed in one event, and if large areas are disabled, the information is easily re-routed. It was created mainly by DARPA; its initial software applications were email and computer file transfer.
It was with the invention of the World Wide Web in 1989 that the Internet really became a global network. Today the Internet has become the ultimate place to accelerate the flow of relevant information and the fastest growing form of media.[2]
[edit] Progression
The Information Age means something different to everyone. In 1956 in the United States, researchers noticed that the number of people holding "white collar" jobs had just exceeded the number of people holding "blue collar" jobs. These researchers realized that this was an important change, as it was clear that the Industrial Age was coming to an end. As the Industrial Age ended, the newer times adopted the title of "the Information Age".
Of course, at that time relatively few jobs had much to do with computers and computer-related technology. What was occurring was a steady trend away from people holding Industrial Age manufacturing jobs. An increasing number of people held jobs as clerks in stores, office workers, teachers, nurses, etcetera. The Western world was shifting into a service economy.
Eventually, Information and Communication Technology—computers, computerized machinery, fiber optics, communication satellites, Internet, and other ICT tools—became a significant part of the economy. Microcomputers were developed, and many business and industries were greatly changed by ICT.
Nicholas Negroponte captured the essence of these changes in his 1995 book, Being Digital.[3] At the time, he was the head of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's Media Lab. His book discusses similarities and differences between products made of atoms and products made of bits. In essence, one can very cheaply and quickly make a copy of a product made of bits, and ship it across the country or around the world both quickly and at very low cost.
Nowadays, many people tend to think of the Information Age in terms of cell phones, digital music, high definition television, digital cameras, email on the Internet, the Web, computer games, and other relatively new products and services that have come into widespread use. The pace of change brought on by such technology has been very rapid.
[edit] Innovations
- Z3 - first general-purpose digital computer - 1941
- Atanasoff–Berry Computer - electronic digital computer - 1942
- ENIAC general purpose electronic digital computer - 1946
- The mathematical framework of the theory of information - 1948
- The formulation of the Hamming code - 1950
- Earliest form of the Internet - 1969
- Email - 1971
- Personal computer - late 1970s
- World Wide Web - 1989
- Laptop (also Notebook) - 1990s
- Online gaming communities - 1990s, mainstreamed early 2000s
- Cellular phones - 1984, mainstreamed late 1990s and early 2000s
- Webcams 1990s mainstreamed 2000s
- Digital Television 1990s mainstreamed 2000s
- Broadband mainstreamed 2000s
- Wireless networking - early 2000s
- Wireless headphones - early 2000s
- GPS mainstreamed mid-2000s
- Satellite radio - circa 2003
- Bluetooth - early-to-mid 2000s
- DAB -Digital Radio 2004
- Digital Audio Player - mainstreamed early 2000s
- Digital Video Recorders (c. 1999) mainstreamed early-to-mid-2000s
- HDTV mainstreamed mid-to-late 2000s
[edit] See also
- Daniel Bell
- Digital exhaust
- Information Theory
- Informational Revolution
- Internet Governance
- Marshall McLuhan's Understanding Media
- Stewart Brand
- Global Age
[edit] References
- ^ http://decadeology.wetpaint.com/page/Information+Age#edit
- ^ Lallana, Emmanuel C., and Margaret N. Uy, "The Information Age".
- ^ http://archives.obs-us.com/obs/english/books/nn/bdcont.htm Negroponte's articles
[edit] External links
 |
Wikibooks has a book on the topic of |
- Articles on the impact of the information age on business at Information Age magazine.
- Beyond the Information Age by Dave Ulmer
- Information Age Anthology Vol I by Alberts and Papp (CCRP, 1997)
- Information Age Anthology Vol II by Alberts and Papp (CCRP, 2000)
- Information Age Anthology Vol III by Alberts and Papp (CCRP, 2001)
- Understanding Information Age Warfare by Alberts et al. (CCRP, 2001)
- Information Age Transformation by Alberts (CCRP, 2002)
- The Unintended Consequences of Information Age Technologies by Alberts (CCRP, 1996)
- Gelbstein, E. (2006) Crossing the Executive Digital Divide. DiploFoundation, ISBN 99932-53-17-0
