Neil Gaiman

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Neil Gaiman

Neil Gaiman at the 2007 Scream Awards
Born 10 November 1960 (1960-11-10) (age 48)
Portchester, England, UK
Occupation Novelist, comics writer and screenwriter
Nationality English
Writing period 1980s–present
Genres Fantasy, Horror, Science fiction
Notable work(s) The Sandman, Stardust, American Gods, Coraline
Official website

Neil Richard Gaiman (IPA: /ˈgeɪmən/)[2] (born 10 November 1960[3]) is an English author of science fiction and fantasy short stories and novels, graphic novels, comics, and films. His notable works include The Sandman comic series, Stardust, American Gods and Coraline. Gaiman's writing has won numerous awards, including the Hugo, Nebula, and Bram Stoker awards, as well as the 2009 Newbery Medal. The extreme enthusiasm of his fans has led some to call him a "rock star" of the literary world.[4]

He lives near Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States,[5][6][7] in an "Addams Family house".[8] He has three children, Michael, Holly and Madeleine.

Contents

[edit] Biography

[edit] Early life

Gaiman's family is of Polish Jewish origins; his great-grandfather emigrated from Antwerp before 1914[9] and his grandfather eventually settled in the Hampshire city of Portsmouth and established a chain of grocery stores.[10] His father, David Bernard Gaiman,[11][12] worked in the same chain of stores;[10] his mother, Sheila Gaiman (née Goldman), was a pharmacist. He has two younger sisters.[6] After living for a period in the nearby town of Portchester, where Neil was born in 1960, the family settled in 1965 in the West Sussex town of East Grinstead . Gaiman lived there for many years, from 1965-1980 and again from 1984-1987.[13] Gaiman was educated at several Church of England schools, including Fonthill School (East Grinstead),[13] Ardingly College (1970-74), and Whitgift School (Croydon) (1974-77).[14]

[edit] Journalism, early writings, and literary influences

As a child and a teenager, Gaiman grew up reading the works of C.S. Lewis, J.R.R. Tolkien, Michael Moorcock, Ursula K. Le Guin, Lord Dunsany and G. K. Chesterton. He later became a fan of science fiction, reading the works of authors as diverse as Samuel R. Delany, Roger Zelazny, Robert A. Heinlein, Harlan Ellison, H. P. Lovecraft, Thorne Smith, Alan Moore, and Gene Wolfe.

In the early 1980s, Gaiman pursued journalism, conducting interviews and writing book reviews, as a means to learn about the world and to make connections that he hoped would later assist him in getting published. He wrote and reviewed extensively for the British Fantasy Society. [15] His first professional short story publication was "Featherquest", a fantasy story, in Imagine Magazine in May 1984, when he was 23.[16]

In 1984, he wrote his first book, a biography of the band Duran Duran, as well as Ghastly Beyond Belief, a book of quotations, with Kim Newman. He also wrote interviews and articles for many British magazines, including Knave. As he was writing for different magazines, some of them competing, and "wrote too many articles", he sometimes went by a number of pseudonyms: Gerry Musgrave, Richard Grey, "along with a couple of house names".[17]

In the late 1980s, he wrote Don't Panic: The Official Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy Companion in what he calls a "classic English humour" style. Following on from that he wrote the opening of what would become his collaboration with Terry Pratchett on the comic novel Good Omens, about the impending apocalypse.[18]

[edit] Comics

After forming a friendship with comic book writer Alan Moore, Gaiman started writing comics, picking up Miracleman after Moore finished his run on the series. Gaiman and artist Mark Buckingham collaborated on several issues of the series before its publisher, Eclipse Comics, collapsed, leaving the series unfinished. His first published comic strips were four short Future Shocks for 2000 AD in 1986-7. He wrote three graphic novels with his favorite collaborator and long-time friend Dave McKean: Violent Cases, Signal to Noise, and The Tragical Comedy or Comical Tragedy of Mr. Punch. In between, he landed a job with DC Comics, his first work being the limited series Black Orchid.[19]

Gaiman has written numerous comics for several publishers. His award-winning series The Sandman tells the tale of Morpheus, the anthropomorphic personification of Dream. The series began in 1989 and concluded in 1996: the 75 issues of the regular series, along with an illustrated prose text and a special containing seven short stories, have been collected into 11 volumes that remain in print.

In 1989, Gaiman published The Books of Magic (collected in 1991), a four-part mini-series that provided a tour of the mythological and magical parts of the DC Universe through a frame story about an English teenager who discovers that he is destined to be the world's greatest wizard. The miniseries was popular, and sired an ongoing series written by John Ney Rieber.

In the mid-90s, he also created a number of new characters and a setting that was to be featured in a title published by Tekno Comix. The concepts were then altered and split between three titles set in the same continuity: Lady Justice, Mr. Hero the Newmatic Man, and Teknophage.[20] They were later featured in Phage: Shadow Death and Wheel of Worlds. Although Neil Gaiman's name appeared prominently on all titles, he was not involved in writing of any of the above-mentioned books (though he helped plot the zero issue of Wheel of Worlds).

Gaiman wrote a semi-autobiographical story about a boy's fascination with Michael Moorcock's anti-hero Elric for Ed Kramer's anthology Tales of the White Wolf. In 1996, Gaiman and Ed Kramer co-edited The Sandman: Book of Dreams. Nominated for the British Fantasy Award, the original fiction anthology featured stories and contributions by Tori Amos, Clive Barker, Gene Wolfe, Tad Williams, and others.

Asked why he likes comics more than other forms of storytelling Gaiman said “One of the joys of comics has always been the knowledge that it was, in many ways, untouched ground. It was virgin territory. When I was working on Sandman, I felt a lot of the time that I was actually picking up a machete and heading out into the jungle. I got to write in places and do things that nobody had ever done before. When I’m writing novels I’m painfully aware that I’m working in a medium that people have been writing absolutely jaw-droppingly brilliant things for, you know, three-four thousand years now. You know, you can go back. We have things like The Golden Compass. And you go, well, I don’t know that I’m as good as that and that’s two and a half thousand years old. But with comics I felt like — I can do stuff nobody has ever done. I can do stuff nobody has ever thought of. And I could and it was enormously fun.”[21]

In 2009, Gaiman will write a two-part Batman story for DC Comics to follow Batman R.I.P. It will be called "Whatever Happened to the Caped Crusader?" a play off of the classic Superman story "Whatever Happened to the Man of Tomorrow?" by Alan Moore.[22][23][24] He will also be contributing a twelve-page Metamorpho story for a project Mike Allred is putting together.[25]

[edit] Novels

In a collaboration with author Terry Pratchett (best known for his series of Discworld novels), Neil Gaiman's first novel Good Omens was published in 1990. In recent years Pratchett has said that while the entire novel was a collaborative effort and most of the ideas could be credited to both of them, Pratchett did a larger portion of writing and editing if for no other reason than Gaiman's scheduled involvement with Sandman.[26]

The 1996 novelization of Neil Gaiman's teleplay for the BBC mini-series Neverwhere was his first solo novel. The novel was released in tandem with the television series though it presents some notable differences from the television series. In 1999 first printings of his fantasy novel Stardust were released. The novel has been released both as a standard novel and in an illustrated text edition.

American Gods became one of Gaiman's best-selling and multi-award winning novels upon its release in 2001[27]

In 2005, his novel Anansi Boys was released worldwide. The book deals with Anansi ('Mr. Nancy'), a supporting character in American Gods. Specifically it traces the relationship of his two sons, one semi-divine and the other an unaware Englishman of American origin, as they explore their common heritage. It hit the New York Times bestseller list at number one.[28]

In late 2008, Gaiman released a new children's book, The Graveyard Book. It follows the adventures of a boy named Bod after his family is murdered and he is left to be brought up by a graveyard. It is heavily influenced by Rudyard Kipling's The Jungle Book. As of late January 2009, it has been on the New York Times Bestseller children's list for 15 weeks.[29]

As of 2008, Gaiman has several books planned. After a tour of China, he decided to write a non-fiction book about his travels and the general mythos of China. Following that, will be a new 'adult' novel (his first since 2005's Anansi Boys). After that, another 'all-ages' book (in the same vein as Coraline and The Graveyard Book). Following that, Gaiman says that he will release another non-fiction book called, The Dream Catchers.[30]

[edit] Film and screenwriting

Gaiman wrote the 1996 BBC dark fantasy television series Neverwhere. He cowrote the screenplay for the movie MirrorMask with his old friend Dave McKean for McKean to direct. In addition, he wrote the localized English language script to the anime movie Princess Mononoke, based on a translation of the Japanese script.

He cowrote the script for Robert Zemeckis's Beowulf with Roger Avary, a collaboration that has proved productive for both writers.[31] Gaiman has expressed interest in collaborating on a film adaptation of the Epic of Gilgamesh.[32]

He was the only person other than J. Michael Straczynski to write a Babylon 5 script in the last 3 seasons, contributing the season 5 episode "Day of the Dead".

Gaiman has also written at least three drafts of a screenplay adaptation of Nicholson Baker's novel The Fermata for director Robert Zemeckis,[citation needed] although the project was stalled while Zemeckis made The Polar Express and the Gaiman-Roger Avary written Beowulf film.

Several of Gaiman's original works have been optioned or greenlighted for film adaptation, most notably Stardust, which premiered in August 2007 and stars Robert De Niro, Michelle Pfeiffer and Claire Danes, directed by Matthew Vaughn. A stop-motion version of Coraline was released on 6 February 2009, with Henry Selick directing and Dakota Fanning and Teri Hatcher in the leading voice-actor roles.[33]

In 2007 Gaiman announced that after ten years in development the feature film of Death: The High Cost of Living would finally begin production with a screenplay by Gaiman that he would direct for Warner Independent. Don Murphy and Susan Montford are the producers, and Guillermo del Toro is the film's executive producer.[34][35]

Seeing Ear Theatre performed an audio play of "Snow, Glass, Apples," Gaiman's retelling of Snow White, which was published in the collection Smoke and Mirrors in 1998.

Neil's 2009 Newbery-Medal winning book 'The Graveyard Book' will be made into a movie, with Neil Jordan being announced as the director during Gaiman's appearance on The Today Show, 27 January 2009.

[edit] Blog

In February 2001, when Gaiman had completed writing American Gods, his publishers set up a promotional web site featuring a weblog in which Gaiman described the day-to-day process of revising, publishing, and promoting the novel. After the novel was published, the web site evolved into a more general Official Neil Gaiman Website.[36]

Gaiman generally posts to the blog several times a week, describing the day-to-day process of being Neil Gaiman and writing, revising, publishing, or promoting whatever the current project is. He also posts reader emails and answers questions, which gives him unusually direct and immediate interaction with fans. One of his answers on why he writes the blog is "because writing is, like death, a lonely business."[37]

The original American Gods blog was extracted for publication in the NESFA Press collection of Gaiman miscellany, Adventures in the Dream Trade.

To celebrate the 7th anniversary of the blog, the novel American Gods was provided free of charge online for a month.

[edit] Friendships

Gaiman maintains friendships with several celebrities outside the comic book and science fiction fields, including:

[edit] Friendship with Tori Amos

One of Gaiman's most commented-upon friendships is his friendship with the musician Tori Amos, a Sandman fan who became fast friends with Gaiman after making reference to "Neil and the Dream King" on her 1991 demo tape, and whom he included as a character (a talking tree) in Stardust.[43] Amos also mentions Gaiman in her songs, "Tear in Your Hand" ("If you need me, me and Neil'll be hangin' out with the dream king. Neil says hi by the way")[44], "Space Dog" ("Where's Neil when you need him?")[45], "Horses" ("But will you find me if Neil makes me a tree?")[46], and "Carbon" ("Get me Neil on the line, no I can't hold. Have him read, 'Snow, Glass, Apples' where nothing is what it seems")[47]. He also wrote stories for the tour book of Boys for Pele and Scarlet's Walk, a letter for the tour book of American Doll Posse, and the stories behind each girl in her album Strange Little Girls. Amos penned the introduction for his novel Death: the High Cost of Living, and posed for the cover. She also wrote a song called "Sister Named Desire" based on his Sandman character, which was included on his anthology, Where's Neil When You Need Him?.

Neil Gaiman is godfather to Tori Amos's daughter Tash,[48] and wrote a poem called Blueberry Girl for Tori and Tash.[49] The poem has been turned into a book by the illustrator Charles Vess.[50] He read the poem aloud to an audience in San Francisco on 5 October 2008 during his book reading tour for The Graveyard Book.[51] It will be published in March 2009 with the title, Blueberry Girl.

S. Alexander Reed has written about the intertextual relationships between Gaiman's and Amos's respective work. Reed does close readings of several of Gaiman's allusions to Amos, arguing that the reference to Amos happens as the texts expand and broaden their focus, and that Amos serves to disrupt the linear flow of the narrative. He reads this disruption in terms of psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan's idea of the mirror stage, arguing that the mutual referentiality serves to create an ideal vision of the reader-as-fan that the actual reader encounters and misrecognizes as themselves, thus drawing the reader into the role of the devoted (and paying) fan. The essay also contains a fairly thorough list of known references in both Gaiman's and Amos's work.[52]

[edit] Litigations

In 1993, Gaiman was contracted by Todd McFarlane to write a single issue of Spawn, a popular title at the newly created Image Comics company. McFarlane was promoting his new title by having guest authors Gaiman, Alan Moore, Frank Miller, and Dave Sim each write a single issue.

In issue #9 of the series, Gaiman introduced the characters Angela, Cogliostro, and Medieval Spawn. Prior to this issue, Spawn was an assassin who worked for the government and came back as a reluctant agent of Hell but had no direction. In Angela, a cruel and malicious angel, Gaiman introduced a character who threatened Spawn's existence, as well as providing a moral opposite. Cogliostro was introduced as a mentor character for exposition and instruction, providing guidance. Medieval Spawn introduced a history and precedent that not all Spawns were self-serving or evil, giving additional character development to Malebolgia, the demon that creates Hellspawn.

As intended (and legally allowed)[53], all three characters were used repeatedly throughout the next decade by Todd McFarlane within the wider Spawn universe. In papers filed by Neil Gaiman in early 2002, however, he claimed that the characters were jointly owned by their scripter (himself) and artist (McFarlane), not merely by McFarlane in his role as the creator of the series.[54][55] Ironically, disagreement over who owned the rights to a character was the primary motivation for McFarlane and other artists to form Image Comics (although that argument related more towards disagreements between writers and artists as character creators).[56] As McFarlane used the characters without Gaiman's permission or royalty payments, Gaiman believed his copyrighted work was being infringed upon, which violated their original, oral, agreement.[citation needed] McFarlane initially agreed that Gaiman had not signed away any rights to the characters, and negotiated with Gaiman to effectively 'swap' McFarlane's interest in the character Miracleman[57] (McFarlane believes he purchased interest in the character when Eclipse Comics was liquidated; Gaiman is interested in being able to continue his aborted run on that title) but later claimed that Gaiman's work had been work-for-hire and that McFarlane owned all of Gaiman's creations entirely.[citation needed] The presiding Judge, however, ruled against their agreement being work for hire, based in large part on the legal ruling that "copyright assignments must be in writing."[58]

The 24 February 2004 ruling ultimately upheld a district court ruling in October 2002[59] granting joint ownership of the characters to Gaiman and McFarlane. On the specific issue of Cogliostro, presiding Judge John Shabaz proclaimed "The expressive work that is the comic-book character Count Nicholas Cogliostro was the joint work of Gaiman and McFarlane—their contributions strike us as quite equal—and both are entitled to ownership of the copyright".[60]

This legal battle was brought by Gaiman and the specifically-formed Marvels and Miracles, LLC, which Gaiman created in order to help sort out the legal rights surrounding Miracleman (see the ownership of Miracleman sub-section of the Miracleman article). Gaiman wrote Marvel 1602 in 2003 to help fund this project.[61] All of Marvel Comics' profits for the original issues of the series went to Marvels and Miracles.[61]

Gaiman is a major supporter and board member of the Comic Book Legal Defense Fund.[62]

[edit] Awards

Neil Gaiman in 2004.

[edit] References in popular culture

  • In SimCity 2000, if you query a library and click "Ruminate" an article about cities' personalities appears which was written by Gaiman. The article is also available on the official Gaiman website[citation needed].
  • In the science-fiction television series Babylon 5, one of the races (The Gaim) is named in homage to Gaiman[citation needed].

[edit] Literary allusions

Gaiman's work is known for a high degree of allusiveness.[73] Meredith Collins, for instance, has commented upon the degree to which his novel Stardust depends on allusions to Victorian fairy tales and culture.[74] Particularly in The Sandman, literary figures and characters appear often; the character of Fiddler's Green is modelled visually on G.K. Chesterton, both William Shakespeare and Geoffrey Chaucer appear as characters, as do several characters from within A Midsummer Night's Dream. The comic also draws from numerous mythologies and historical periods. Such allusions are not unique to Sandman.

Clay Smith has argued that this sort of allusiveness serves to situate Gaiman as a strong authorial presence in his own works, often to the exclusion of his collaborators.[75] However, Smith's viewpoint is in the minority: to many, if there is a problem with Gaiman scholarship and intertextuality it is that "... his literary merit and vast popularity have propelled him into the nascent comics canon so quickly that there is not yet a basis of critical scholarship about his work." [76]

David Rudd takes a more generous view in his study of the novel Coraline, where he argues that the work plays and riffs productively on Sigmund Freud's notion of the Uncanny, or the Unheimlich.[77]

Though Gaiman's work is frequently seen as exemplifying the monomyth structure laid out in Joseph Campbell's The Hero with a Thousand Faces,[78] Gaiman says that he started The Hero with a Thousand Faces but refused to finish it: "I think I got about half way through The Hero with a Thousand Faces and found myself thinking if this is true — I don’t want to know. I really would rather not know this stuff. I’d rather do it because it’s true and because I accidentally wind up creating something that falls into this pattern than be told what the pattern is."[79]

[edit] Bibliography

Neil Gaiman has written many comics and graphic novels, as well as numerous books and short stories. He has also created a number of audio books, a TV miniseries, and the scripts for several movies.

[edit] See also

[edit] Notes

  1. ^ "Gaiman Interrupted: An Interview with Neil Gaiman (Part 2)" conducted by Lawrence Person, Nova Express, Volume 5, Number 4, Fall/Winter 2000, page 5.
  2. ^ Author Name Pronunciation Guide - Neil Gaiman
  3. ^ Comics Buyers Guide #1636 (December 2007); Page 135
  4. ^ Author Neil Gaiman Inspires Starstruck Fans, Columbia Daily Spectator, Oct. 1, 2008 [1]
  5. ^ McGinty, Stephen (25 February 2006). "Dream weaver". The Scotsman. http://living.scotsman.com/index.cfm?id=290282006. 
  6. ^ a b "A writer's life: Neil Gaiman". The Telegraph. 12 December 2005. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/arts/main.jhtml?xml=/arts/2005/12/11/bokgaiman.xml. 
  7. ^ "Neil Gaiman - Biography". Biography. http://www.neilgaiman.com/about/biography/. Retrieved on 2006-06-21. 
  8. ^ Richards, Linda (August 2001). "Interview - Neil Gaiman". January Magazine. http://www.januarymagazine.com/profiles/gaiman.html.  "I thought," says Gaiman, "you know, if I'm going to leave England and go to America, I want one of those things that only America can provide and one of those things is Addams Family houses."
  9. ^ Gaiman, Neil. "journeys end", Neil Gaiman's Journal, 16 January 2009
  10. ^ a b Lancaster, James (2005-10-11). "Everyone has the potential to be great". The Argus (Brighton). pp. 10-11. 
  11. ^ Lancaster, James (2005-10-11). "Everyone has the potential to be great". The Argus (Brighton). pp. 10-11.  David Gaiman quote: "It's not me you should be interviewing. It's my son. Neil Gaiman. He's in the New York Times Bestsellers list. Fantasy. He's flavour of the month, very famous."
  12. ^ "Head Bars Son Of Cult Man.", The Times, London, 13 August 1968, p.2 col. c. (convenience link), Alternate.
    A headmaster has refused the son of a scientologist entry to a preparatory school until, he says, the cult "clears its name". The boy, Neil Gaiman, aged 7, (...) Mr. David Gaiman, the father, aged 35, former South Coast businessman, has become in recent weeks a prominent spokesman in Britain for scientology, which has its headquarters at East Grinstead.
  13. ^ a b "East Grinstead Hall of Fame - Neil Gaiman", East Grinstead Community Web Site.
  14. ^ "Neil Gaiman". Exclusive Books.
  15. ^ Neil Gaiman - About Neil
  16. ^ Neil Gaiman - About Neil
  17. ^ Neil Gaiman - Rumour control
  18. ^ Science Fiction Weekly Interview
  19. ^ Irvine, Alex (2008), "Black Orchid", in Dougall, Alastair, The Vertigo Encyclopedia, New York: Dorling Kindersley, pp. 32–34, ISBN 0-7566-4122-5, OCLC 213309015 
  20. ^ Teknophage-neilgaiman.info
  21. ^ Ogline, Tim E.; "Myth, Magic and the Mind of Neil Gaiman", Wild River Review, 20 November 2007.
  22. ^ CCI: DC One Weekend Later - Gaiman on "Batman", Comic Book Resources, 27 July 2008
  23. ^ SDCC '08 - More on Gaiman-Batman with Dan DiDio, Newsarama, 27 July 2008
  24. ^ DC at Comic-Con ’08 Mike Marts, Newsarama Video, 27 July 2008
  25. ^ Gaiman & Allred on Metamorpho, Comic Book Resources, 30 January 2009
  26. ^ "L Space - Words from the Master"
  27. ^ American Gods wins a Hugo!
  28. ^ "There's a first time for everything", Neil Gaiman's journal, 28 September 2005
  29. ^ "Beyond Tea", Neil Gaiman's journal, 19 November 2008
  30. ^ "From Las Vegas", Neil Gaiman's journal, 6 November 2008
  31. ^ Neil Gaiman and Roger Avary: Shaping Beowulf's story, video interview with stv.tv
  32. ^ Tom Ambrose (December 2007). "He Is Legend". Empire. pp. 142. 
  33. ^ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0327597/
  34. ^ Sanchez, Robert (2006-08-02). "Neil Gaiman on Stardust and Death: High Cost of Living!". IESB.net. http://www.iesb.net/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=105&Itemid=42. Retrieved on 2007-02-25. 
  35. ^ Gaiman, Neil (2007-01-09). "The best film of 2006 was...". Neil Gaiman's Journal. Neil Gaiman. http://www.neilgaiman.com/journal/labels/Death%20movie.html. Retrieved on 2007-02-25. 
  36. ^ Official Neil Gaiman Website
  37. ^ Neil Gaiman's journal, 2/11/2008
  38. ^ ""On Hallowe'en the Old Ghosts Come..."". Neil Gaiman's blog. 31 October 2004. http://journal.neilgaiman.com/2004/10/on-halloween-old-ghosts-come.asp. Retrieved on 2009-03-18. 
  39. ^ "Gaiman Interrupted: An Interview with Neil Gaiman (Part 2)" conducted by Lawrence Person, Nova Express, Volume 5, Number 4, Fall/Winter 2000, page 2.
  40. ^ "Neil Gaiman has lost his clothes". http://www.10zenmonkeys.com/2006/10/04/neil-gaiman-has-lost-his-clothes-2/. Retrieved on 2008-02-05. 
  41. ^ http://browseinside.harpercollins.com/index.aspx?isbn13=9780061350160
  42. ^ Anno Dracula: The Background
  43. ^ Tori Amos, "Tear in Your Hand," Little Earthquakes
  44. ^ http://everythingtori.com/go/galleries/view/312/2/31/albums
  45. ^ http://everythingtori.com/go/galleries/view/378/3/28/albums
  46. ^ http://everythingtori.com/go/galleries/view/234/1/26/albums
  47. ^ http://everythingtori.com/go/galleries/view/220/1/30/albums
  48. ^ http://journal.neilgaiman.com/2004/11/listening-to-unresolving.asp
  49. ^ http://journal.neilgaiman.com/2007/07/blueberry-girls.html
  50. ^ http://greenmanpress.com/news/archives/185
  51. ^ http://journal.neilgaiman.com/2008/10/chapter-six-in-san-francisco-yesterday.html
  52. ^ Reed, S. Alexander. "Through Every Mirror in the World: Lacan's Mirror Stage as Mutual Reference in the Works of Neil Gaiman and Tori Amos." ImageTexT 4.1. [2]
  53. ^ See Judge Shabaz's ruling for the legal reasoning: "As a co-owner, McFarlane was not violating the Copyright Act by unilaterally publishing the jointly owned work, but, as in any other case of conversion or misappropriation, he would have to account to the other joint owner for the latter's share of the profits."
  54. ^ Listen to the "Oral Argument," List of Documents in case: 03-1331 : Gaiman, Neil v. McFarlane, Todd. Accessed 22 September 2008
  55. ^ See also the official decision by Judge John Shabaz in The United States Court of Appeals For the Seventh Circuit Nos. 03-1331, 03-1461. Accessed 22 September 2008
  56. ^ See Khoury, George, Image Comics: The Road To Independence (TwoMorrows Publications, 2007), ISBN 1-893905-71-3
  57. ^ See Judge Shabaz's ruling: "A tentative agreement was reached that... Gaiman would exchange his rights in Medieval Spawn and Cogliostro for McFarlane's rights in another comic book character, Miracleman."
  58. ^ Judge Shabaz, Official ruling, as per "Schiller & Schmidt, Inc. v. Nordisco Corp., 969 F.2d 410, 413 (7th Cir. 1992)"
  59. ^ "Gaiman in Stunning Victory over McFarlane in Spawn Case: Jury Finds for Gaiman on All Counts," by Beau Yarbrough, 3 October 2002. Accessed 22 September 2008
  60. ^ See Judge Shabaz's ruling for similar statements on Angela and Medieval Spawn.
  61. ^ a b "Marvel's "1602" Press Conference," by Jonah Weiland, 27 June 2003. Accessed 22 September 2008
  62. ^ "Neil Gaiman Talks Sandman, CBLDF on NPR," 19 September 2003. Accessed 22 September 2008
  63. ^ "Neil Gaiman Receives Defender of Liberty Award". Comic Book Legal Defense Fund. 1997-11-08. http://www.cbldf.org/pr/gaiman-defendliberty.shtml. Retrieved on 2008-11-12. 
  64. ^ "Mythypoeic Awards - Winners". Mythopoeic Society. http://www.mythsoc.org/awards/winners/. Retrieved on 2008-11-12. 
  65. ^ Locus Magazine (2002). "Locus Award Winners by Category". Locus Magazine. http://www.locusmag.com/SFAwards/Db/LocusWinsByCategory.html. Retrieved on 2008-08-14. 
  66. ^ "Honor roll:Fiction books". Award Annals. 2007-08-14. http://www.awardannals.com/wiki/Honor_roll:Fiction_books. Retrieved on 2007-08-14. 
  67. ^ Locus Magazine (2003). "Locus Award Winners by Category". Locus Magazine. http://www.locusmag.com/SFAwards/Db/LocusWinsByCategory.html. Retrieved on 2008-08-14. 
  68. ^ Quills Foundation (2005). "The Quill Awards: The 2005 Awards". TheQuills.Org. http://www.thequills.org/2005.html. Retrieved on 2008-02-12. 
  69. ^ "Hugo words...". Neil Gaiman's homepage. 2006-08-27. http://www.neilgaiman.com/journal/2006/08/hugo-words.html. Retrieved on 2007-04-17. 
  70. ^ The Bob Clampett Humanitarian Award
  71. ^ Gaiman's blog, 26 January 2009
  72. ^ [http://www.thehugoawards.org/
  73. ^ See particularly Rodney Sharkey, James Fleming, and Zuleyha Cetiner-Oktem's articles in ImageTexT's special issue on Gaiman's work: [3].
  74. ^ Collins, Meredith. "Fairy and Faerie: Uses of the Victorian in Neil Gaiman's and Charles Vess's Stardust." ImageTexT 4.1. [4]
  75. ^ Smith, Clay. "Get Gaiman?: PolyMorpheus Perversity in Works by and about Neil Gaiman." ImageTexT 4.1. [5]
  76. ^ A Special Issue on the Works of Neil Gaiman, Introduction. [6]
  77. ^ Rudd, David "An Eye for an 'I': Neil Gaiman’s Coraline and the Question of Identity" Children’s Literature and Education 39(3), 2008, pp. 159-168 [7]
  78. ^ See Stephen Rauch, Neil Gaiman's The Sandman and Joseph Campbell: In Search of the Modern Myth, Wildside Press, 2003
  79. ^ The Wild River Review, "Interview with the Dream King"

[edit] References

[edit] External links

Preceded by
Grant Morrison
Hellblazer writer
1990
Succeeded by
Jamie Delano


Persondata
NAME Gaiman, Neil Richard
ALTERNATIVE NAMES
SHORT DESCRIPTION English fantasy writer
DATE OF BIRTH 10 November 1960
PLACE OF BIRTH Portchester, Hampshire, England
DATE OF DEATH
PLACE OF DEATH
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