Akita Inu

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding reliable references (ideally, using inline citations). Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (July 2007)

Akita Inu

An Akita Inu
Other names	Great Japanese Dog (Obsolete) Japanese Akita
Country of origin	Japan
Traits Weight Male 34-54 kg 75-119lb Female 34-50 kg 75-110 lb Height Male 61-71 cm 24-28in Coat Coarse, straight, with soft undercoat Color Red, fawn, sesame, brindle, or pure white Litter size 3-12 puppies, avg. 7-8 Life span 11-15 years
Classification & standards FCI Group 5 Section 5 #255 standard AKC Working standard ANKC Group 6 - (Utility) standard CKC Group 3 - (Working Dogs) standard KC (UK) Utility standard NZKC Utility standard UKC Northern Breeds standard

The Akita Inu (秋田犬 ^?) is a breed of large dog originating in Japan, named for Akita Prefecture, where it is thought to have originated. It is sometimes called the Akita-ken based on the Sino-Japanese reading of the same kanji. It is a separate breed from the American Akita, and is quite uncommon in many countries.

[edit] Description

[edit] Appearance

The breed stands anywhere from 60-66 cm (24-26 in) at the withers. Females weigh anywhere from 30-45 kg (70-100 lb) and males are 35-80 kg (75-180). The Akita Inu come in only five colors: Red, Fawn, Sesame, Brindle, and Pure White. All except white must have whitish hair on the sides of the muzzle, on the cheeks, the neck, chest, body and tail. Black masks, as seen in the American Akita, are not permitted in the Japanese Akita Inu.

A brindle Akita female

All colors are accepted in the American Akita. The Pinto color is not accepted as a Japanese Akita color, but is as an American Akita color. In the U.S., some breeders interbreed the original Japanese type with the heavier American type, which is larger, and allows more colors. It is felt by some that combining the two types leads to improved appearance and genetic health by increasing genetic diversity. There is only a single Akita breed registered by the American Kennel Club; in all other countries besides Canada the breed has been separated into two breeds: the Akita Inu and the American Akita.

[edit] Temperament

The Japanese Akita Inu is a loyal, docile and aloof pet. They are well known for being excellent house dogs, they are clean and quiet, only barking when there is something to bark about. In general they are very friendly and easy going dogs. But they can be aloof towards strangers, or other dogs. This can be avoided if raised with dogs and other people during puppyhood.

Akitas, like many dogs, have been bred to hunt, and can therefore show aggressive tendencies toward small animals. Akitas can also be dominant or aggressive towards other dogs, particularly those of the same sex^[1].

The two most outstanding characteristics of the Akita as a house pet are that they are very clean and that they are very easy to house break. Akitas have been described as almost "cat-like," as they are clean and odorless. This may also be one of the reasons why they housebreak so easily. Most Akitas respond so well to housebreaking that they are trained in a matter of weeks, although it may take longer if other "slower learning" dogs are present.

Akitas are very clean, intelligent and loyal, train easily, and consequently are easily bored. As a result, they often become destructive if not given anything to do. Akitas have also been documented to be gentle with young children and babies, even ones they don't know. Akitas are very adaptable and can live happily in apartments provided they are given enough exercise.

[edit] Health

[edit] Mortality

Akita female with pup

Akitas in UK and USA/Canada surveys had a median lifespan of about 10 years,^[2] which is similar to other breeds of their size.^[3]

In a 2004 UK Kennel Club survey, the most common causes of death were cancer (32%), cardiac (14%), and gastrointestinal, including bloat/torsion (14%).^[4] In a 2000-2001 USA/Canada Health Survey, the most common causes of death were cancer (21%), GDV (=bloat/torsion, 21%), musculoskeletal (15.5%), and autoimmune (7%).^[5]

[edit] Grooming

Akitas possess a double coat, with a dense straight undercoat, and a thick outer coat. This coat makes the dog waterproof, as well as being well-equipped for the fierce winters in northern Japan. Due to the thickness of their coat, the breed requires daily grooming, and also an awareness of the dog's heavy shedding, especially during warm weather.

[edit] Morbidity

Some of the health conditions known to affect this breed include:

• Canine herpesvirus, a strain of the Herpes virus that happens to affect canines
• Gastric dilatation volvulus (GDV), a condition associated with bloat
• Pemphigus, which causes the autoimmune system to attack the dog's skin (leading to pustules)
• Progressive retinal atrophy (PRA), an adult-onset condition which gradual degeneration in the eye cells (i.e. rods & cones)
• UveoDermatological Syndrome (UDS)^[6]
• Sebaceous adenitis, an autoimmune condition which attacks and destroys the dog's sebaceous glands
• Canine hip dysplasia
• Hypothyroidism
• Hyperkalaemia As a breed, Akitas have abnormally high blood potassium concentrations compared to other breeds.
• Heart size As a breed, Akitas have an unusually small heart for their size. A number of Akitas have died while being operated on under the normal dose of general anaesthetic for a canine of that size, a dose which ultimately proved excessive and fatal to the Akita. For that reason, to avoid anaesthetic-induced death, only the bare minimum dose of general anaesthetic sufficient to produce anaesthesia should be used when an Akita requires general anaesthesia.

[edit] Gastric dilatation volvulus

Akita owners should take special note of the high incidence of GDV (gastric dilatation volvulus) in this breed. Excess gas trapped in the dog's stomach causes "bloat." Twisting of the stomach (volvulus or "torsion") causes or is caused by that excess gas. GDV is an emergency condition requiring immediate veterinary treatment. Akita owners should be alert to the symptoms of GDV and know the location of the nearest emergency veterinary facility. Dogs with any symptoms of GDV (esp. unsuccessful attempts at vomiting) should be regarded as having GDV until proven otherwise by a veterinarian.

Symptoms of GDV include:

• Gagging or retching with unsuccessful attempts at vomiting (frothy foam may come up instead)
• Distended abdomen (may or may not be noticable)
• Discomfort and pain esp. around the abdomen for no apparent reason-- this may be observed as frequent pacing, an inability to find a comfortable position, whimpering, or wincing when pressure is applied to the abdomen
• Weakness
• Depression
• Breathing difficulty
• Hypersalivation and panting
• Possible cardiac problems such as arrhythmias
• Cyanosis (blue gums or skin) in severe cases from a lack of oxygen

[edit] History

Japanese history, both verbal and written, describe the ancestors of the Akita Inu, the Matagi dog, as one of the oldest of the native dogs. The Akita Inu of today developed primarily from these dogs in the northernmost region of the island of Honshū in the Akita prefecture, thus providing the breed's name. The Matagi's quarry included elk, antelope, boar, and the 120-stone Yezo bear. This swift, agile, unswervingly tenacious precursor dog tracked large game and held it at bay until the hunters arrived to make the kill.

Recent DNA analysis found that the Akita was among the most ancient dog breeds.^[7]

A stamp of the Akita "Tachibana" (one of the very few purebred Akitas that survived World War II) on a Japanese postage stamp

During World War II, the number of Akita dogs greatly diminished because of the lack of food. There were also orders to capture all dogs except German Shepherds in order to use their fur for warm army uniforms.

During the occupation years following the war, the breed began to thrive again through the efforts of Sawataishi and others. For the first time, Akitas were bred for a standardized appearance. Akita fanciers in Japan began gathering and exhibiting the remaining Akitas and producing litters in order to restore the breed to sustainable numbers and to accentuate the original characteristics of the breed muddied by crosses to other breeds. US servicemen fell in love with the Akita and imported many of them into the US upon and after their return.

The Japanese Akita and American Akita began to diverge in type through the middle and later part of the 20th century with the Japanese Akita fanciers focusing on restoring the breed as an work of Japanese art and American Akita fanciers selecting for the larger, heavier-boned dogs that emerged from the post-war times. Both types derive from a common ancestry, but marked differences can be observed between the two. First, while American Akitas are acceptable in all colors, Japanese Akitas are only permitted to be red, fawn, sesame, white, or brindle. Additionally, American Akitas may be pinto and/or have black masks, unlike Japanese Akitas.

Much debate occurs among Akita fanciers of both types whether there are or should be two breeds of Akita. To date, The AKC and CKC, guided by their national breed clubs, consider American and Japanese Akitas to be two types of the same breed, allowing free breeding between the two. The FCI and Kennel Clubs most other nations consider Japanese and American Akitas as separate breeds.

[edit] In popular culture

Lists of miscellaneous information should be avoided. Please relocate any relevant information into appropriate sections or articles. (May 2008)

[edit] Television Shows

• Many manga titles by Takahashi Yoshihiro feature Akita dogs as the main character. These include Gin of Ginga: Nagareboshi Gin. His son Weed, who stars in Ginga Densetsu Weed, is an Akita/Kishu Ken mix. This is said to be because Takahashi Yoshihiro was born in Akita Prefecture.
• The title character in the anime and manga animated series InuYasha, along with his brother, Sesshomaru and father, Inu no Taisho are said to be Akita yōkai (half yōkai half human in InuYasha's case). A yōkai is a legendary Japanese demon.

[edit] Literature

• In the manga Nana, one of the title characters is given the nickname Hachiko in reference to her dog-like loyalty being similar to that of the famous dog Hachiko.
• Martha Sherrill's biography Dog Man: An Uncommon Life on a Faraway Mountain reviews the history of the Akita and the efforts of Morie Sawataishi to restore the breed.

[edit] Famous People

• Nicole Brown Simpson's dog in the O.J. Simpson case was an Akita.
• MC Hammer has two Akitas named Bart and Alvin.

[edit] Plays/Musicals

• In the Broadway musical Rent, the character of Benny and his wife Alison own an Akita named Evita.

[edit] External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Akita Inu

• Clubs, Associations, and Societies
• Japanese Akita Inu Club
• Directories and informational pages
  • The Akita Inu Forum
  • Akita Inu Info
• Pedigree Databases
  • Akita HeadQuarters
• Askedweb Dog Buyers Guide
  • Askedweb Dog Buyers Guide

[edit] Notes

• Much of the content of this article comes from the site the equivalent Japanese-language wikipedia article (retrieved October 15, 2005).

[edit] References