Night terror
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Night terror Classification and external resources |
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| ICD-10 | F51.4 |
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| ICD-9 | 307.46 |
| MeSH | D020184 |
A night terror, also known as pavor nocturnus, is a parasomnia disorder characterized by extreme terror and a temporary inability to regain full consciousness. The subject wakes abruptly from slow-wave sleep, with waking usually accompanied by gasping, moaning, or screaming. It is often impossible to fully awaken the person, and after the episode the subject normally settles back to sleep without waking. A night terror can rarely be recalled by the subject. They typically occur during non-rapid eye movement sleep.
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[edit] Comparison to nightmares
Night terrors are distinct from nightmares in several key ways. First, the subject is not fully asleep when the night terror occurs. Unlike nightmares, which are frequently dreams of a frightening nature, night terrors are not recalled dreams. Usually there is no situation or event (scary or otherwise) that is dreamed, but rather the emotion of fear itself is felt. Often, this is coupled with tension and apprehension without any distinct sounds or visual imagery, although sometimes a vague object of fear is identified by the sufferer. These emotions, generally without a focusing event or scenario, increase emotions in a cumulative effect. The night terrors can often be recalled by children as they get older. In some cases, the triggering emotion remains over time until they can nearly fully recall what it is that caused their hysteria. An example of this emotional trigger could be having to perform an impossible task (counting stars, counting the texture of dried paint, etc...) or an image of some sort such as the folds of a human brain. The lack of a dream itself leaves those awakened from a night terror in a state of disorientation much more severe than that caused by a normal nightmare. This can include a short period of amnesia during which the subjects may be unable to recall their names, locations, ages, or any other identifying features of themselves.
[edit] In children
Children from age two to six are most prone to night terrors, and they affect about fifteen percent of all children,[1] although people of any age may experience them. Episodes may recur for a couple of weeks then suddenly disappear.[citation needed] The symptoms also tend to be different, like the child being able to recall the experience, and while nearly arisen, hallucinate.[citation needed] Strong evidence has shown that a predisposition to night terrors and other parasomniac disorders can be passed genetically.[citation needed] Though there are a multitude of triggers, emotional stress during the previous day and a high fever are thought to precipitate most episodes.[citation needed] Ensuring the right amount of sleep is an important factor. Night terrors may also be caused by constipation and other irregular bowel movements or lack thereof.[citation needed] Special consideration must be used when the subject suffers from narcolepsy, as there may be a link.[citation needed]
[edit] In adults
Though the symptoms of night terrors in adolescents and adults are similar, the etiology, prognosis and treatment are qualitatively different. These night terrors can occur each night if the sufferer does not eat a proper diet, get the appropriate amount of sleep, is enduring stressful events in his/her life or if he/she remains untreated. Adult night terrors are much less common, often trauma-based rather than genetic, chronic, and often respond to treatment in the form of psychotherapy and antidepressant medication. There is some evidence of a link between adult night terrors and hypoglycemia.[citation needed]
In addition to night terrors, some adult night terror sufferers have many of the characteristics of abused and depressed individuals including inhibition of aggression,[2] self-directed anger,[2] passivity,[3] anxiety, impaired memory,[4], and the ability to ignore pain.[5].
[edit] See also
[edit] Bibliography
- Carranza, Christopher. Banishing Night Terrors and Nightmares Kensington Books, 2004.
[edit] References
- ^ Iannelli, Vincent (March 23, 2003). "Night Terrors". http://pediatrics.about.com/cs/sleep/a/night_terrors.htm. Retrieved on 2007-06-04. From about.com
- ^ a b Kales, J; Kales A, Soldatos CR, Caldwell AB, Charney DS & Martin ED (1980). "Night terrors. Clinical characteristics and personality patterns". Archives of General Psychiatry 37 (12): 1413–17. PMID 7447622. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=7447622. Retrieved on 2007-05-31.
- ^ Kales, JC; Cadieux RJ, Soldatos CR & Kales A. (1982). "Psychotherapy with night terror patients". American Journal of Psychotherapy 36 (3): 399–407. PMID 7149087. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=7149087. Retrieved on 2007-05-31.
- ^ Horowitz, MJ (1999). Essential papers on posttraumatic stress disorder. New York University Press. ISBN 0-8147-3559-2.
- ^ Chu, J (2001). Rebuilding Shattered Lives: The Responsible Treatment of Complex Post-Traumatic and Dissociative Disorders. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 0471247324.
[edit] External links
- Night Terror Resource Center
- eMedicine Health: Night Terrors
- National Institutes of Health, Medline Plus: Night Terrors
- National Library of Medicine - Medical Subject Headings: Night Terrors
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